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Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Functions:
1. Movement of body parts
2. Provide form and shape
3. Heat production
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
General Classification
Skeletal Muscle - striated, voluntary
Cardiac Muscle - striated, involuntary
Smooth Muscle - non-striated, involuntary
SKELETAL MUSCLES
SKELETAL MUSCLES
General Characteristics:
I. Attachments
Origin Insertion
II. Structure
Belly
Tendon or Aponeurosis
SKELETAL MUSCLES
2. Atrophy
3. Hypertrophy
4. Cramps
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Functions
1. Transport = Respiration
Nutrition
Excretion
2. Regulation
3. Protection
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Components
1. Heart
2. Blood Vessels
a) Arteries
b) Capillaries
c) Veins
3. Blood
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Heart
2 Sides: Right Side = Venous Blood
Left Side = Arterial Blood
4 Chambers: 2 Atria
2 Ventricles
4 Valves: Tricuspid & Pulmonic Valves
Mitral & Aortic Valves
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Blood Vessels
A. Layers
1. Tunica Externa/CT Layer
2. Tunica Media/Muscular
Layer
3. Tunica Intima/Endothelial
Layer
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Arterial System
Characteristics:
- carry blood from heart to tissues
- divide into “branches”
- arterioles
- anastomosis
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Arterial System
Major Arteries:
1. Aorta = Arch, Thoracic & Abdominal
2. Arteries of Head & Neck
3. Arteries of the Upper Extremities
4. Arteries of the Pelvis & Lower Extremities
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Arterial System
Anatomical End Arteries
- branches do not anastomose
Functional End Arteries
- branches anastomose but
insufficient
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Venous System
Characteristics
- convey blood to heart from tissues
- possess valves
- venules
- formed by “tributaries”
- “venous plexuses
- vena comitantes
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Venous Systems
A. Systemic Venous System
B. Portal Venous System
- interposed between two capillary beds
- sinusoids
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Venous System
Factors that assist blood flow:
1. Gravity
2. Muscular Contractions
3. Presence of Valves
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Venous System
Major Veins:
A) Tributaries to Superior Vena Cava
1. Veins draining the Head & Neck
2. Veins of Upper Extremities
3. Veins of the Thorax
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Venous System
Major Veins:
B) Tributaries to Inferior Vena Cava
1. Veins of the Abdominal Wall
2. Veins of the Kidneys
3. Veins of the Lower Extremities
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Venous System
Major Veins:
C) Tributaries to the Portal Vein
1. Veins of the Gastrointestinal Tract
2. Veins of the Spleen & Pancreas
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Capillaries
Types:
a) Continuous (muscles, lungs, fatty tissues)
b) Fenestrated (kidneys, small intestines)
c) Sinusoids (liver, spleen)
Arteriovenous Anastomoses
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Functions:
1. Transport
2. Fat Absorption
3. Defense
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Components
1. Lymph Capillaries
2. Lymph Ducts
a) Thoracic Duct
b) Right Lymphatic Duct
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Components
3. Lymphatic Organs
a) Lymph Nodes
filters lymph
produce lymphocytes
b) Spleen
c) Thymus