Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Preveno
Cancro e Dieta
Obesidade / Actividade Fsica
Sndroma Metablica
IGF1 ?
Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 270-82. Estradiol (E2) E2 metabolism
COMT Oxidative metabolites
E2 estrogen receptor
Genomic (transcriptional) Mitochondrial (transcriptional)
4-OH-E2quinones
HPV
Produtos dos genes iniciais
Vrus da Hepatite B HBx Activao da transcrio de genes Promotores da proliferao: ILGF II, rILGF I Interferncia com a aco da p53
E6 e E7
p53 e pRb
E6
TP53
E7 +
Telomerase Tirosina-cinase
p21 ciclina D
Bax
Efeito final:
Mecanismos: ERO; COX-2; TNF; IL-2, IL-6, IL-8;? estmulo crnico para a proliferao celular
BRCA 1, BRCA 2
HNPCC: 2-4% dos c.clon; defeito nos mismatch repair genes MSH2, MLH1, PMS e defeitos no recep. II do TGF-. BRCA1(17q21) e BRCA2 (13q12-13): 5-8% dos c.mama; regulam transcrio, actividade do rec. estrognio; ligam-se RAD51 reparao de double strand breaks;
Cancro e Genes
Cancro Hereditrio
ou
Cancro Espordico
Cancro Espordico
Genes Oncosupressores
Oncogenes
de funo Activao
Cancro e Genes
Cancro Hereditrio
ou
Gene Oncosupressores
Oncogenes
Mutao herdada
de funo Activao
Incidncia de Cancro
Cancergeno
p19ARF MDM2
degradao do p53
p53 Inactivo
Deleco de 1 ou 2 Alelos1 mutaes do p53 gera p53 inactivador
Esfago de Barret
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinognese no esfago
Molecular models of esophageal carcinogenesis. Stages of carcinogenic progression for the two predominant types of esophageal carcinoma are presented schematically above. Selected characteristic genetic alterations for each tumor type, with approximate time of onset in carcinogenesis, are indicated below. Green indicates oncogenes up-regulated in carcinogenesis; red indicates tumor-suppressor genes inactivated in carcinogenesis. (EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor.)
Diagnstico
Sarcoma de Ewing
Sarcoma de Ewing
Value of Cytogenetic Analysis in the Treatment of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans JCO, April 2008
21 exons
Extracellular Juxtamembrane EXON 9 (~5%10% of mutations)
Intracellular Juxtamembrae
Setembro 02
Dezembro 03
Prognstico
Volume Tumoral
Nmero de Mitoses / ndice proliferativo
Diferenciao
Invaso vascular; linftica
Identificao de oncogenes
Identificao de mutao em oncossupressores
MoAb
Kinase Inhibitor
Antagonist
Ligandtoxin
Carcinoma colorectal
Carcinoma da cabea e pescoo (em combinao com a radioterapia)
KRAS mutation have high prognostic value on response to cetuximab and survival in met CRC Livre et al. (2008) JCO 26(3):374-379
89 met CRC patients under cetuximab (resistant to irinotecan therapeutic) KRAS mutation analyses Assess tumor response, skin toxicity, PFS and OS
Oncology-HSM
Oncology-HSM
Angiognese tumoral
Uma massa tumoral no pode crescer para alm dos 2 mm3 sem formar novos vasos. Para que ocorra uma eficiente transferncia de nutrientes para as clulas tumorais, estas no devem distar mais do que 200 m dos capilares sanguneos.
Nutrientes Neoangiognese (efeitos) Factores de crescimento (PDGF, IGF, IL-1, ..) Participa no processo de metastizao
Angiognese tumoral
Os factores angiognicos so segregados pelas clulas tumorais e por clulas inflamatrias que infiltram o tumor (ex. Macrfagos)
Tumor angiogenesis
Blood vessel
Angiogenic Inhibitors
Initiation
Progression
Angiogenic switch
Metastasis
Angiognese tumoral
Sprouting dos capilares existentes ( angiognese fisiolgica) VEGF; bFGF; HIF (estimula a transcrio de VEGF); EGF; PDGF; COX2; MMPs; Integrinas; PAI-1; NO
ANGIOGENIC SWITCH
Estadiamento pT pN
Imagiologia molecular
Mecanismos da Invaso / Metastizao Disseminao vascular e crescimento no rgo alvo (vascular dissemination and homing of tumor cells)
Tropismo para rgos Molculas de adeso: interaco da cl.tumoral com o endotlio do rgo alvo
Quimiocinas: a cl. tumoral exprime receptores para quimiocinas produzidas nos rgos alvo. CXCR4; CCR7; IGF I e II.
Ex. C. clon / CXCR6 CXCL6/ rgo alvo (fgado)
What determines the specificity of Metastasis: The normal blood flow throughout the body
Paget wrote, "are carried in all directions; but they can only live and grow if they fall on congenial soil." Similarly, he reasoned, metastatic cells must thrive only where conditions are in some way favorable.
in a cancer of the breast the bones suffer in a special way, which cannot be explained by any theory of embolism alone. ...seed and soil hypothesis...
Stephen Paget
Doena loco-regional
T. Gastrintestinais
GIST Neur.End.
Outros Pncreas Estmago
Doena sistmica
T. Extra-abdominais
Teraputica Mdica
We need to begin to think of metastasis as a systemic disease long before a metastatic tumor becomes visible.
Systemic Endocrine Instigation of Indolent Tumor Growth Requires Osteopontin. Sandra S;Weinberg R; Cell (2008) Instigator Tumors Rapidly growing breast cancer cell line (BPLER) Responder Tumors Slow growing breast cancer cell line (HMLER-HR)
opposite flank
the responder cells (slow) grew rapidly and accumulated bone marrow derived stromal cells, as did the instigator tumors (rapidly) The instigator cells secreted human osteopontin which activated the bone marrow and caused the release of stromal precursor cells into the bloodstream the responder tumors could grab them and incorporate them into the tumor stroma