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Schlumberger 2001
1000
2000
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4000
DEPTH FTTVD
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
SLIDE 2
Schlumberger 2001
1000
2000
3000
4000
DEPTH FTTVD
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
SLIDE 5
Schlumberger 2001
Maximize production choke opening Gradually increase gas injection rate Monitor well clean up and stability Get to target position Perform step rate production test Optimise gas injection rate Note - when unloading all valves open!
Schlumberger 2001
Schlumberger 2001
GAS CALCULATIONS RELATED TO GAS LIFT SYSTEMS GAS INJECTION PRESSURE AT DEPTH S.G. x L 53.34 x T x Z P@L = P@S x e
Where: e = 2.71828 P@L = Pressure at depth, psia P@S = Pressure at surface, psia S.G. = Gas Specific Gravity L = Depth, feet T = Average Temp Degrees R Z = Average Compressibility for T and average pressure
Schlumberger 2001
GAS CALCULATIONS RELATED TO GAS LIFT SYSTEMS GAS INJECTION PRESSURE AT DEPTH
Rule of thumb Equation based on S.G. of 0.65, a geothermal gradient at 1.60F/100ft and a surface temperature of 700F
P@L = P@S + (2.3 x P@S x L ) 100 1000
Where:
P@L = Pressure at depth, psia P@S = Pressure at surface, psia L = Depth, feet
Schlumberger 2001
GAS VOLUME STORED WITHIN A CONDUIT To find the volume of gas contained under specific well conditions): P x Tb b = V x ---------------Z x Pb x T
Where: b = gas volume at base conditions V = capacity of conduit in cubic feet P = average pressure within conduit Tb= temperature base in degrees Rankin Z = compressibility factor for average pressure and temperature in a conduit (see Figure 3.2) Pb= pressure base (14.73 psi) T = average temperature in the conduit in degrees Rankin Schlumberger
2001
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON CONFINED BELLOWS CHARGED DOME PRESSURE Major Advantages of Nitrogen
Schlumberger 2001
Tc
P1 = Pressure at initial temperature P2 = Pressure resulting from change of temperature Tc = Temperature correction factor
and
VOLUMETRIC GAS THROUGHPUT OF A CHOKE OR A GAS LIFT VALVE PORT Equation based on Thornhill-Craver Studies Page 3-13 Since this equation is so complex the chart in page 3-16 provides a means of quickly obtaining an approximate gas passage rate for a given port size
Schlumberger 2001
CRITICAL FLOW
SUBCRITICAL FLOW
GAS RATE
PRESSURE
Schlumberger 2001
GAS RATE
PRESSURE
Schlumberger 2001
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
Calculated Flowrate
0.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1000.00 1200.00 1400.00 1600.00 1800.00 2000.00
Schlumberger 2001
Schlumberger 2001