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WAKE UP CALL
PURPOSE
Create a healthy skepticism of psychiatric drugs & drug companies Present enough to make you want to research more on your own Provide some information about psychiatric drugs so you can talk to your clients about potential risks vs. benefits Cause you to more strongly consider psychosocial/environmental causes and therefore environmental based interventions for symptom relief
ADHD-Family relationships are often characterized by resentment and antagonism, (DSM IV, pg. 88).
Family discord and negative parent-child interactions are often present, (DSM IV, pg. 88).
NOTE drugs are not to be prescribed when other psychosocial causes are identified- anyone know of a case of a child diagnosed with ADHD that didnt have psychosocial or environmental problems? NOTE Schizophrenia prognosis- Individuals with Schizophrenia in developing nations tend to have a more acute course and better outcome than do individuals in industrialized nations, (DSM IV, pg. 307).
Lack of medications? Less Stigma.
Brain Scans-all of the studies involved children who had been treated with stimulants and often with many other psychiatric drugs, (Breggin, Ritalin Fact Book, 51) Children diagnosed with ADHD (regardless of medication use) perform significantly worse than those without diagnosis depression, self-perception, social functioning, academic performance, school enjoyment, attention
DO PSYCHOSTIMULANTS WORK?
Psychostimulants-i.e. Adderall, Dexedrine, (Dextroamphetamines), Desoxyn, Gradumet (methamphetamines) Ritalin (methylphenidate) prescribed to children diagnosed with ADHD.
suppress spontaneous and social behaviors while promoting obsessive/compulsive or pervasive behaviors.
Chimps: typical- grooming neighbor, playing, socializing, wanting to explore, trying to escape. Chimps: on stimulants- stops socializing, no play, picking at own skin, pacing a corner of a cage rather than systematically trying to escape. These drugs make good caged animals Human Children: relatively affectless, humorless, and apathetic. Double-blind, placebo effect study Human Children: one played Legos for a 36-hour period w/out breaking to eat or sleep, another who became compulsive about raking leaves and did so for 7 consecutive hours, after which he still felt compelled to rake individual leaves as they fell.
effects are independent of any diagnosable disorder. (Breggin, Ritalin Fact Book).
DO PSYCHOSTIMULANTS WORK?
ADHD-like behaviors tend to disappear when the child is consistently disciplined, properly entertained, or engaged in a one-to-one relationship, and that the behaviors often constitute rebellion against boring, monotonous tasks (Breggin, pg. 27)
many problems return the day after the last pill is taken what is the purpose of taking these medications? Solve a problem?? keep busy adults from having to deal with the problem?
Stimulant drugs do indeed tend to make children more compliant at the expense of their imaginations, their creativity, their capacity to generate activity, and their overall enthusiasm for life. ( Breggin, Ritalin Fact Book, 23).
Overall, the results suggest that whilst stimulant medication may be effective in managing the immediate symptoms of ADHD, these short-term effects may not translate into long-term benefits to the childs social and emotional outcomes, school-based performance, or symptom improvement. (RAINE STUDY)
the use of stimulant medication was not found to be associated with a long -term improvement in attention or externalising behaviour. This result is perhaps unsurprising, as stimulant medication is not seen as a cure for the core symptoms of ADHD. Rather, medication temporarily assists in the management of symptoms (RAINE STUDY)
A DANGEROUS CYCLE
Case of Alec- familiar to many cases that began with ADHD SIX YEARS-Alecs teacher says he sometimes exhibits ADHD behaviors- talking out of turn, leaving seat without permission
ADHD diagnosis, started on Ritalin, much nicer to have in class A few months later, behavior worsens and he becomes difficult at home for the first time Dose is increased and he improves again Cycle repeats several times Alec also becomes agitated at night a few weeks after beginning Ritalin- afternoon dose added Continued to become more agitated- Sedative Klonipin is added to help him be calm at night
AROUND 8 YEARS OLD- Alec becomes violent and has extreme mood swings- Psychiatrist says he may have Bi-PolarDepakote is prescribed
NINE YEARS OLD- Alec becomes afraid to go to school, psychiatrist adds clonidine- says its a mood stabilizer when in reality it is used to control hypertension in adults- tends to highly sedate children.
TEN YEARS OLD and 100 pounds-Behavior CONTINUES to worsen- told by a new psychiatrist he may have schizoaffective disorder- prescribes antipsychotic Risperdol
Alec begins to have uncontrollable facial movements three months after starting Risperdol, and Alecs psychiatrist wants to increase Risperdol which can suppress tics temporarily but they come back even worse, sometimes irreversible.
Alecs parents are told they need to develop a more consistent, rational plan of discipline and would have to find more time to spend with Alec
Alecs teacher were taught how to handle Alecs sometimes difficult behavior.
Alecs tardive dyskinesia is almost completely resolved after a few months of being free of all medications (it DID worsen in the beginning before getting better)
After about two years, Alecs regular treatment was stopped, doing well in regular classes in public high school, no serious behavior problems, looking forward to college.
Are we drugging our children because they are angry? bored? How much damage is just the label of mentally ill do?
What about do no harm?
Cognitive toxicity- deterioration of mental functions such as thinking, learning, attention, and memory- pg. 34 Nervousness and Insomnia were the most common ADRs (adverse drug reactions) ( Breggin, 17 Ritalin Fact Book) Amphetamine-induced depression- 39% Psychotic Symptoms- 9% of drug treated children developed psychotic symptoms, zero children diagnosed but not taking medications did. Most cases of psychosis cleared when medication was stopped. Zombie Like state Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior
Stimulant-Caused Hypertension- fatal cardiac arrhythmias- coroner compares changes to heart with changes he observed in chronic cocaine addicts
Causing strokes Tics- One clinical trial- 58% developed tics on Ritalin and Dexedrine (Breggin, 59).
ADHD appears in 50% of individuals with Tourettes when the two disorders coexist, the onset of ADHD often precedes the onset of the Tourettes. (DSM IV, pg. 88)
Convulsions Gastrointestinal Problems Headaches/Blurred Vision Hair Loss/Hair Pulling (compulsive behavior)
Interactions with OTC drugs- cold/allergy meds containing stimulants = cardiovascular problems
YOUNG CHILDREN (under 6) = HIGHER RATE OF SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS 69% markedly deteriorated becoming more unhppay and sad- improvement once medication is stopped RITALIN ACTS MUCH LIKE COCAINE! Reduced blood flow, oxygen flow, brain cell death and tissue shrinkage, etc.
children who are treated for ADHD with stimulants are more likely to abuse cocaine in young adulthood
Teaches children that they are not in control of their behavior & takes attention away from the problems in the environment Medication was associated with a greater likelihood of performing BELOW expected for age (RAINE STUDY)
OTHER POINTS
When reviewing the literature on other psychiatric medications, the information is just as grim. Withdrawal is VERY serious and medications should NOT be stopped cold turkey- talking with your prescribing physician is recommended so an appropriate schedule can be formulated. Do not go any faster than you can handle. THINK JOHNNY CASH in the movie Walk the Line when he was going through Withdrawal and bed-ridden. Dr. Breggin gained a lot of the information he presents while doing work as a medical expert in cases against giant pharmaceutical companies charged with negligence or fraud- he has therefore had access to records inside the drug companies that are not privy to the public. John Nash actually got OFF his medications prior to improving- not portrayed this way in A Beautiful Mind Many people have died from using prescription medications, sometimes in regularly prescribed doses.
Some celebrities include: Marilyn Monroe, Elvis, Dorothy Dandridge, Jimi Hendrix, Bruce Lee, Freddie Prinze, Keith Moon, Abbie Hoffman, Steve Clark, Margaux Hemingway, Rob Pilatus, Dana Plato, Ol Dirty Bastard, Chris Penn, Gerald Levert, Anna Nicole Smith, Pimp C, Heath Ledger Having these drugs prescribed by a doctor makes them seem less dangerous
MORE INFO
Generation RX- Movie American Addict- Movie on Netflix Marketing of Madness- Movie Medication Madness- Book, Dr. Breggin Toxic Psychiatry, Book, Dr. Breggin Ritalin Fact Book, Dr. Breggin The Medicated Child- Movie
REFERENCES
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Baughman, D. F. (2014, January 14). ADHD: Epidemic or Fraud? Retrieved from YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvdxW_T01lk Breggin, D. P. (2000, May 3). Medicating Kids. (P. Frontline, Interviewer) Breggin, P. R. (1999). Psychostimulants in the treatment of children diagnosed with ADHD: Risks and mechanism of action. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 12, 3-35. Breggin, P. R. (2002). The Ritalin Fact Book. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing. Cassani, M. (2012, January 17). Video interview with John Nash of Beautiful Mind fame (with commentary). Retrieved from Beyond Meds: Alternatives to Psychiatry: http://beyondmeds.com/2012/01/17/johnnash/ Groenendijk, C. (2009). The Serotonergic "Bio-Chemical Imbalance" Theory/Myth. Retrieved from Antidepressant Facts: http://www.antidepressantsfacts.com/Biochemical-Imbalance.htm Harris, M. (n.d.). 18 Celebrities Who Died from Prescription Drugs. Retrieved from Pharmacy Techs: http://www.pharmacytechs.net/blog/18-celebrities-who-died-from-prescription-drugs
REFERENCES CONTD
Hassner Sharav, V. (2000, January). Evidence of Neuroleptic Drug-Induced Brain Damage in Patients:. Alliance for Human Research Protection. Retrieved from http://www.ahrp.org/risks/biblio0100.php Mate, G. (2014). AD(H)D. Retrieved from Dr. Gabor Mate: http://drgabormate.com/topic/adhd/
National Institute of Mental Health. (2009, March). Short-term Intensive Treatment Not Likely to Improve Long-term Outcomes for Children with ADHD. Retrieved from National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2009/short-term-intensive-treatment-not-likelyto-improve-long-term-outcomes-for-children-with-adhd.shtml
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2010, October). SSRI Induced Indifference. Retrieved from US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989833/ Schwarz, A., & Cohen, S. (2013, March 31). A.D.H.D. Seen in 11% of U.S. Children as Diagnoses Rise. The New York Times.
REFERENCES CONTD
US Food and Drug Administration. (2013). Medication Guide. Retrieved from US Food and Drug Administration, Drug Safety and Availability: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm
US National Library of Medicine. (2014, April 1). Methamphetamine (By Mouth). Retrieved from U.S. National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0011126/?report=details Smith, G., Jongeling, D. B., Hartmann, D. P., Russell, C., & Landau, L. (n.d.). Raine ADHD Study: Long-term outomes associated with stimulant medication in the treatment of ADHD children. Retrieved from Government of Western Australia Department of Health: http://www.health.wa.gov.au/publications/documents/MICADHD_Raine_ADHD_Study_report_022010. pdf