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When we scan, we make use of Advance Organizers that show us-a) How the text is organized, b) Important features of the text.
Advance Organizers
Advance organizers include: Headings and subheadings Bold-faced items in the text , images, charts and graphs Sidebars giving information Glosses (definitions or information given in the margin
to facilitate reading)
Teaching Scanning
Give students a few prompts (say 3 to 6) indicating elements that they should scan for.
e.g., when was the Mongol Empire at its peak?
Give them a very short time (1-3 minutes) to complete the activity. Announce the time every minute to push them to read quickly.
Teaching Skimming
We teach skimming in the same way we teach scanning except
instead of looking for specific information we look for what the text is aboutfor main ideas. An authentic skimming activity: give each student several readings and one minute to decide which reading the student wants to read.
Lower Order Questions are-Literal questions, where you look to find a specific piece of information. For example
What were the Pilgrims reasons for coming to the New World?
--What were the pros and cons of each of the Three Little Pigs houses?
students to guess words from context unless youre sure that explicit context clues are available.
In school, learners need to know how to demonstrate to their teacher they have done the reading.
Even low proficiency learners need to learn what you do with a reading.
Some very easy to follow guidelines for pre- / mid- / & postreading strategies.
Reviewing notes made on the reading Making connections to ones self, the world and other readings A jigsaw sharing (when different students have read
different texts on the same topic)
Cloze tests
Cloze tests are tests where words are deleted (ideally
randomly; e.g., every 6th word) and we test learners reading skills by their ability to predict an acceptable substitute for each blank space.
Some researchers claim that cloze test can not only be used to assess reading proficiency but also general language proficiency because cloze tests call on grammar, spelling, phonology (e.g., is it a or an), semantics and to some extent world knowledge to provide acceptable answers. In any case, we call on many strategies to compete a cloze test.