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Widya Ernayati K.
Element/Unsur
the simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties Example: silikon, oksigen, tembaga consists of only one kind of atom cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by any physical or chemical methods Mengapa sifat fisik Silikon, Oksigen, Tembaga tidak Sama? each element is unique because the properties of its atoms are unique
Element
Compound/senyawa
a type of matter composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bound together Example: amonia, water, carbon dioxide the elements are present in fixed parts by mass (fixed mass ratio). its properties are different from those of its component elements a compound can be broken down (chemical change) into simpler substances-its component elements
Compound
Mixture
a group of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are physically intermingled the components of a mixture can vary in their parts by mass At the atomic scale, a mixture is merely a group of the individual units that make up its component elements and/or compounds A mixture retains many of the properties of its components mixtures can be separated into their components by physical changes
3,25 g
3,32 g
6, 57 g
4,55 g 2,02 g
6,57 g
The law of definite composition tells us that pure samples of calcium carbonate, no matter where they come from , always contain these elements in the same percents by mass
Contoh soal!!! Pitchblende is the most commercially important compound of uranium. Analysis shows that 84.2 g of pitchblende contains 71.4 g of uranium, with oxygen as the only other element. How many grams of uranium can be obtained from 102 kg of pitchblende?
each element is unique because the properties of its atoms are unique
Ray particles were later named electrons. Thomson estimated that the cathode ray particle weighed less than 1/1000 as much as hydrogen Charge to mass ratio (e/m) =1.758 820 x 108 C/g
Millikan was able to show that the charge on a given drop was always a small wholenumber multiple of e, - 1 .602 X 1 0- 19 C
Massa Elektron
the electron's charge is - 1 .602 X 1 0- 19 C
Isotop
All atoms of an element are identical in atomic number but not in mass number. Isotopes of an element are atoms that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers A key point is that the chemical properties of an element are primarily determined by the number of electrons, so all isotopes of an element have nearly identical chemical behavior. Isotop %
12 C 6 13 C 6 14 C 6
98,89 % 1,11 % 0,01 %
Isotop
The isotopic makeup of an element is determined by mass spectrometry
Massa Atom
the average of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes weighted according to their abundances
Isotop
28Si
% 92,23 %
29Si
30Si
28.976495 29.973770
4,67 % 3,10 %
Massa atom Si = (27,97693 x 0,9223) + (28,976495 x 0,0467) + (29,973770 x 0,0310) = 28,09 amu
Logam transisi
Families of Oxoanions
an element, usually a nonmetal, is bonded to one or more oxygen atoms.
2 oxoanion sulfat sulfit, nitrat, nitrit 4 oxoanion perklorat, klorat, klorit, hypoklorit