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Introduction
The physiologic state of general anesthesia typically includes: analgesia, amnesia, loss of consciousness, inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexes, skeletal muscle relaxation No single anesthetic agent is capable of achieving all of these desirable effects without some dis-advantages when used alone The use of combinations of intravenous and inhaled drugs
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For more extensive surgical procedures, anesthesia frequently includes the use of: a)preoperative: benzodiazepines, b) induction of anesthesia: i.v. thiopental or propofol, and c) Maintenance of anesthesia: a combination of inhaled and intravenous anesthetic drugs.
Intravenous Anesthetics
Several drugs are used intravenously, alone or in combination with other drugs, to achieve an anesthetic state (as components of balanced anesthesia) These drugs include the following: (1) barbiturates: (thiopental, methohexital); (2) benzodiazepines (midazolam, diazepam); (3) opioid analgesics (morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, remifentanil); (4) propofol; (5) ketamine; and (6) miscellaneous drugs (droperidol, etomidate, dexmedetomidine).
INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA
NO
0.47 1.1 > 100 none Incomplete anesthetic; Rapid onset and recovery
Halothane
2.30 2.9 0.75 > 40%
Propofol, Rapid onset and rapid recovery Thiopental, Rapid onset and rapid recovery (bolus dose)
slow recovery following infusion