INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COURSE

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF ICE
What is an internal combustion engine ?

An internal combustion engine is a machinery where combustion takes place inside the engine

Two Types of ICE:Intermittent Combustion - Reciprocating Engines (Petrol/Diesel engines) Continuous Combustion - Gas Turbines

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

VALVE

PORT

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Internal

combustion engines are classified as certificated machinery and are governed by the Factories & Machinery Act & Regulations
Therefore, it is an offence if the machinery is operated without complying with the regulations stipulated

GRADE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DRIVER CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY

ICE DRIVER II ICE DRIVER I ICE ENGINEER II ICE ENGINEER I

Requirement to qualify for ICE Driver 2nd Grade examination

Age

> 19 years and

as an attendant on an ICE > 2

Served

years or
Served

> 3 years as an apprentice/fitter on

ICE or
Completed

full time course in a Mechanical Trade School plus not less than 12 months as an attendant on an ICE

Requirement to qualify for ICE Driver 1st Grade examination

Satisfy

all requirements for the 2nd Grade ICE Driver and

of 2nd Grade ICE Driver and

Holder

Served

as an assistant to an engineer/driver of an ICE not < 100 hp for a period of not < 18 months

SCOPE OF AUTHORISATION
Horse power < 100 hp Competent Person In-Charge 1st or 2nd grade driver each shift. If > 1 ICE, shall be assisted by 1st or 2nd grade driver 1st grade driver each shift. If > 1 ICE, shall be assisted by 1st or 2nd grade driver

100 - 500 hp

500 - 1000 hp

1st grade driver each shift. If > 1 ICE, shall be assisted by 1st grade driver and 1st grade visiting engineer

SCOPE OF AUTHORISATION
Horse power 1000 - 1500 hp Competent Person In-Charge 1st or 2nd grade engineer & assisted by 1st grade driver each shift. If > 1 ICE, another 1st grade driver needed 1st grade engineer & assisted by 1st grade driver each shift. If > 1 ICE, another 1st grade driver needed 1st or 2nd grade visiting engineer is employed

> 1500 hp

Aggregate of a number of ICEs 1500 - 2000 hp

SCOPE OF AUTHORISATION
Horse power Aggregate of a number of ICEs 2000 - 2500 hp Competent Person In-Charge 1st grade visiting engineer is employed

Aggregate of a number of ICEs 2500 - 3000 hp

2nd grade engineer shall be in charge 1st grade engineer shall be in charge

Aggregate of a number of ICEs > 3000 hp

JARGONS & IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

PRIME MOVER - Every engine, motor or other appliance which provides mechanical energy derived from air, steam, water, wind electricity etc CHIEF INSPECTOR - Chief Inspector of DOSH DRIVER - a person who holds an engine drivers certificate of competency MACHINERY - Includes steam boilers, unfired pressure vessels, prime movers, gas cylinders, gas holders, hoisting machines & tackle, transmission machinery, driven machinery

JARGONS & IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

COMPRESSOR SURGE Pulsating of compressor discharge pressure due to chokage as a result of too much of air to be handled HORSE POWER - A unit of power equals to 33,000 ft-lb/min or 550 ft-lb/sec or 2,545 Btu/hr. 1hp = 746 watts BASE LOAD - Load carried by the gas turbine that is constant for long periods PEAK LOAD - Maximum load carried by the gas turbine for a short period of time

JARGONS & IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

KNOCKING - Hammer blow with metallic ping sound due to rapid self burning almost explosion of the residual mixture in the engine - (engine design & operating condition, fuel, engine
factors and high temp/press)

CAVITATION - Formation and subsequent collapse of water vapour which apart from the noise, can damage an impeller of a pump. Centrifugal pumps begin to cavitate when the suction pressure is too low.

JARGONS & IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

COMPRESSION RATIO - Ratio of the volume of air/fuel mixture when the piston in its lowest position to the volume when the piston in its highest position COMPRESSOR PRESS RATIO - Ratio of the air press entering the compressor to the air press leaving the compressor - (between 9 to
30)