National Institute of Science and Technology Technical Seminar - 2004

“ECHO CANCELLATION”

Presented by
Debabandana Apta Roll # EC200163376

Under the Guidance of

Mr. G.V. Kiran Kumar

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [1]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

TYPE OF ECHO
National Institute of Science and Technology

Two types of echo are present :

 Acoustic echo: Acoustic echo is generated with analog and digital
handsets, with the degree of echo related to the type and quality of
equipment used.
 This form of echo is produced by poor voice coupling between the
earpiece and microphone in handsets and hands-free devices.
Acoustic Echo on Digital Cellular

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [2]

 Technical Seminar - 2004
Hybrid Echo
National Institute of Science and Technology

Hybrid echo is electrically generated echo is created as voice signals

are transmitted across the network via the hybrid connection at the two-
wire/four-wire PSTN conversion points, reflecting electrical energy back
to the speaker from the four-wire circuit..
Hybrid echo is the primary source of echo generated from the public-
switched telephone network (PSTN). .

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [3]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

CAUSES OF ECHO
National Institute of Science and Technology

 Acoustic echo apart, background noise is generated

through the network when analog and digital phones
are operated in hands-free mode .

 As additional sounds are directly and indirectly picked

up by the microphone, multi-path audio is created and
transmitted back to the talker.

 Digital processing delays and speech-compression

techniques further contribute to echo generation and
degraded voice quality in wireless networks.

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [4]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

PRINCIPLES OF ECHO CANCELLATION

National Institute of Science and Technology

 An acoustic echo canceller works in the following fashion: it

records the sound going to the loudspeaker and substract it -
in some way - from the signal coming from the microphone.
 The sound going through the echo-loop is transformed and
delayed, and noise is added, which complicate the
substraction process.

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [5]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

THE PROCESS OF ECHO CANCELLATION

National Institute of Science and Technology

 Controlling Complex Echo in a Wireless Digital

Network.
 The Combined Problem on Digital Cellular Networks.
 Controlling Acoustic Echo

 Controlling Acoustic Echo

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [6]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

Echo Canceller for Digital/Data Communication

National Institute of Science and Technology

 
 For digital/data communication system to get ride of echo
problem echo canceller used.

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [7]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

ECHO CANCELLATION TECHNOLOGY

National Institute of Science and Technology

Echo suppression:  
 The module identifies echo and suppresses it by means of gain control.
 Echo suppression prevents howling effect (positive feedback loop).
 The module allows one party to interrupt the other party's speech.
 The algorithm adapts to background noise level and to echo gain and
delay.

Echo cancellation:
 The module removes the echo by means of adaptive filtering.
 Both parties may talk freely at the same time.
 Echo cancellation prevents the howling effect (positive feedback loop).

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [8]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

THE IMPORTANCE OF ECHO CANCELLATION

National Institute of Science and Technology

 One of the primary challenges faced by service

providers in delivering quality voice
communications is the elimination of echo
which is ever-present on almost all telephone
calls.
 The hybrid is not completely efficient in
carrying the electrical energy and a certain
amount of the electrical energy, or voice signal,
is reflected back and may be perceived as echo.

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [9]

National Institute of Science and Technology Technical Seminar - 2004

SUBBAND ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLATION

FOR MOBILE & HANDS FREE PHONES IN CAR
 When a person is on the phone, a sound wave received on the
earpiece enters through mouthpiece of the handset via
reflections off objects in the sound path and circulate the
feedback loop.

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [10]

 Technical Seminar - 2004

Technical Issues
National Institute of Science and Technology

 In AEC systems Multi-path echo, time varying echo, combined echo and
noise reduction and performance of the echo canceller are some of the
issues that have to be thoroughly scrutinized when designing the AEC
system.

Sub-band adaptive filtering is one of the common solutions for AEC

systems
Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [11]
 Technical Seminar - 2004

Conclusion
National Institute of Science and Technology

 New digital cellular networks and network scenarios reflect

a significant change taking place in the operation of echo
cancellers.
 Echo cancellers have now become highly sophisticated
transmission equipment at the center of highly complex
networks.
 Network operators and telcos implementing echo
cancellation across their networks will hold the key to
improved call quality, directly impacting their ability to
provide enhanced network performance, increase talk time
revenues, and reduce subscriber churn.

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [12]

National Institute of Science and Technology Technical Seminar - 2004

THANK YOU

Presented by :- Debabandana Apta (EC200163376) [13]