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Presentation Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction: Subclass Analysis Issues Kishs Taxonomy of Subclasses Two Alternative Approaches to Inference Variance Estimation and Methods for Singletons 5. Examples using NHANES and NHAMCS Data 6. Suggestions for Practice 7. Directions for Future Research
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Design Domains
X = Sample Element in Subclass Stratum PSU 1 PSU 2
1
2 3 4 5
Cross-Classes
Stratum 1 2 PSU 1 PSU 2 XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX
3
4 5
Mixed Classes
Stratum 1 2 PSU 1 PSU 2 XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX X
3
4 5
12
17
Centered
Certainty Scaled
144.09
144.09 144.09
1.66
1.62 1.90
50-29 = 21
50-29 = 21 50-29 = 21
23
Conditional Approach?
This approach would not be appropriate for this particular subclass Computed standard errors would generally be biased downward, because additional sources of sample-to-sample variability are ignored when following this approach Same issues apply for analytic models Evidence that the scaled ad-hoc fix may be overly conservative!
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25
Scaled
144.09
1.66
58-29 = 29
* Note: Stata dropped three strata with no sample units in the subpopulation.
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Unconditional Approach?
This approach would be the appropriate choice for a cross-class such as AfricanAmericans over the age of 50 Inferences are theoretically appropriate Same idea for analytic models Results suggest that the centered and certainty ad-hoc fixes for conditional analyses are reasonable
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Est. % 4.82
TSL SE 1.576
Design DF 106
Centered
Certainty Scaled Unconditional
4.82
4.82 4.82 4.82
1.576
1.576 1.576 1.590
106
106 106 286
30
31
References
Kish, L. 1987. Statistical Design for Research. New York: Wiley. Rust, K. F., and J. N. K. Rao. 1996. Variance estimation for complex surveys using replication. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 5: 283310. West, B.T., Berglund, P., and Heeringa, S.G. 2008. A Closer Examination of Subpopulation Analysis of Complex Sample Survey Data. The Stata Journal, 8(3), 112. West, B.T., Berglund, P., and Heeringa, S.G. 2007. Alternative Approaches to Subclass Analysis of Complex Sample Survey Data. Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Statistical Meetings.
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