Bagian 2

List Materi :

Siklus Akuntansi

[1] Tahapan Siklus Akuntansi [2] Klasifikasi Akun dan Bagan Akun Standar [3] Karakteristik Akun

[4] Jurnal Transaksi

[5] Posting ke Ledger [6] Laporan Posisi Keuangan Saldo

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Summary of the Accounting Cycle

1. Analyze business transactions

9. Prepare a post-closing trial balance 8. Journalize and post closing entries 7. Prepare financial statements

2. Journalize the transactions

3. Post to ledger accounts

4. Prepare a trial balance

6. Prepare an adjusted trial balance

5. Journalize and post adjusting entries

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The Account

Account

An individual accounting record of increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability, equity, revenue, or expense item. Debit = Left
Credit = Right
Account Name
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

An account can be illustrated in a Taccount form.

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The Account
Kisah Akuntan Hebat
Alkisah pada sebuah Kantor Akuntan Publik ABC ada
seorang akuntan senior yang hebat. Sebelum memulai pekerjaannya dia mempunyai sebuah kebiasaan yang selalu dilakukan, Membuka laci, berkomat-kamit dan kemudian mengunci lacinya. Hal ini dilakukan setiap hari sehingga membuat juniornya sangat penasaran. Pada suatu waktu akuntan senior tersebut bertugas keluar kota. Sang junior yang penasaran membuka lacinya untuk mengetahui isinya. Setelah dibuka, ternyata ada secarik kertas kecil dengan tulisan :
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DEBIT di sebelah kiri KREDIT di sebelah kanan

The Account
Debits and Credits
Double-entry system

Each transaction must affect two or more accounts to keep the basic accounting equation in balance.

Recording done by debiting at least one account and

crediting another.

DEBITS must equal CREDITS.

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Debits and Credits

If Debit amounts are greater than Credit amounts, the account will have a debit balance.
Account Name
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Transaction #1
Transaction #3

$10,000
8,000

$3,000

Transaction #2

Balance

$15,000

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Debits and Credits

If Debit amounts are less than Credit amounts, the account will have a credit balance.
Account Name
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Transaction #1

$10,000

$3,000
8,000

Transaction #2
Transaction #3

Balance

$1,000

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Debits and Credits

Assets
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Assets - Debits should exceed credits. Liabilities Credits should exceed debits. Normal balance is on the increase side.

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-23

Liabilities
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-24

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Debits and Credits

Equity
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Issuance of share capital and revenues increase equity (credit). Dividends and expenses decrease equity (debit).

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-25

Share Capital
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Retained Earnings
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Dividends
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance

Normal Balance

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-25

Chapter 3-25

Chapter 3-23

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Debits and Credits

Revenue
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

The purpose of earning revenues is to benefit the shareholders. The effect of debits and credits on revenue accounts is the same as their effect on equity. Expenses have the opposite effect: expenses decrease equity.

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-26

Expense
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-27

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Debit/Credit Rules
Liabilities

Normal Balance Debit

Assets
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance Credit

Chapter 3-24

Debit / Dr.

Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance

Equity
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance

Normal Balance
Chapter 3-23

Expense
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Chapter 3-25

Revenue
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal Balance

Normal Balance

Chapter 3-27

Chapter 3-26

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Debit/Credit Rules
Statement of Financial Position
Asset = Liability + Equity

Income Statement
Revenue - Expense

Debit

Credit

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Debit/Credit Rules Question

Debits:
a. increase both assets and liabilities. b. decrease both assets and liabilities. c. increase assets and decrease liabilities. d. decrease assets and increase liabilities.

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Debit/Credit Rules Question

Accounts that normally have debit balances are:
a. assets, expenses, and revenues. b. assets, expenses, and equity. c. assets, liabilities, and dividends. d. assets, dividends, and expenses.

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Summary of Debit/Credit Rules

Relationship among the assets, liabilities and equity of a business:
Illustration 2-12

The equation must be in balance after every transaction. For every Debit there must be a Credit.

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Chart of Accounts
Accounts and account numbers arranged in sequence in which they are presented in the financial statements.
Illustration 2-19

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Steps in the Recording Process

The Journal

Book of original entry.

Transactions recorded in chronological order. Contributions to the recording process:
1. Discloses the complete effects of a transaction.
2. Provides a chronological record of transactions. 3. Helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts can be easily compared.

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Steps in the Recording Process

Journalizing - Entering transaction data in the journal.
Illustration: On September 1, shareholders invested 15,000 cash in the corporation in exchange for share of stock, and Softbyte purchased computer equipment for 7,000 cash.
Illustration 2-14

General Journal
Date
Sept. 1

Account Title
Cash Share capital-ordinary Equipment Cash

Ref.

Debit
15,000

Credit
15,000

7,000 7,000

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Steps in the Recording Process

Simple and Compound Entries
Illustration: On July 1, Tsai Company purchases a delivery truck costing NT$420,000. It pays NT$240,000 cash now and agrees to pay the remaining NT$180,000 on account.
Illustration 2-15

General Journal
Date
July 1

Account Title
Equipment Cash

Ref.

Debit
420,000

Credit
240,000 180,000

Accounts payable

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Steps in the Recording Process

The Ledger

General Ledger contains the entire group of accounts maintained by a company.

Illustration 2-16

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Steps in the Recording Process

Standard Form of Account
Illustration 2-17

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Steps
Posting
process of transferring amounts from the journal to the ledger accounts.

Illustration 2-18

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Posting Question
Posting:
a. normally occurs before journalizing. b. transfers ledger transaction data to the journal. c. is an optional step in the recording process. d. transfers journal entries to ledger accounts.

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The Recording Process Illustrated

Follow these steps: 1. Determine what type of account is involved. 2. Determine what items increased or decreased and by how much. 3. Translate the increases and decreases into debits and credits.
Illustration 2-20

2-24

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-21

2-25

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-22

2-26

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-23

2-27

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-24

2-28

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-25

2-29

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-26

2-30

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-27

2-31

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-28

2-32

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-29

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Basel Company recorded the following transactions in a general journal during the month of March. Post these entries to the Cash account. Mar. 4 Mar. 15 Mar. 19 Cash Service Revenue Salaries and Wages Expense Cash Utilities Expense Cash 400 2,280 2,280

400
92 92

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2-35

Illustration 2-31

Trial Balance
A list of accounts and their balances at a given time
Illustration 2-32

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Trial Balance
Limitations of a Trial Balance
The trial balance may balance even when
1. a transaction is not journalized, 2. a correct journal entry is not posted,

3. a journal entry is posted twice,

4. incorrect accounts are used in journalizing or posting, or 5. offsetting errors are made in recording the amount of a transaction.

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Trial Balance
Limitations of a Trial Balance
The trial balance may balance even when
1. a transaction is not journalized, 2. a correct journal entry is not posted,

3. a journal entry is posted twice,

4. incorrect accounts are used in journalizing or posting, or 5. offsetting errors are made in recording the amount of a transaction.

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Latihan Soal
Latihan 1 (BE2-2)
Transactions for the Kautsav Sen Company, which provide welding services, for the month of June are presented below. Identify the accounts to be debited and credited for each transaction. June Kautsav Sen invests $4,000 cash in exchange for ordinary shares in a small welding business. 2 Purchases equipment on account for $900 3 $800 cash is paid to landlord for June rent 12 Sent an invoice to L. Nigh $300 for welding work done on account. Journalize and post the transactions! (Omit the explanations) 1

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Tugas
1 (Halaman 85-89) 40-41) Bagian 2
P2-1A P1-1A P1-1B P2-1B P1-2A P1-2B P2-2B P2-2A P1-3A P1-3B P2-3B P2-3A P1-4A P1-4B P2-4B P2-4A

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