Citing and Referencing

To avoid plagiarism ...And to show youve really extended yourself during your research...

Reference your sources!

Referencing is essential to
Acknowledge debts to other writers. Demonstrate the body of knowledge upon
which your report is based.

Enable the reader(s) to locate your

sources easily.

Common situations when citation and referencing are required

Direct

quotes Statistics/Studies Theories Facts Interpretations Paraphrases

Common kinds of referencing style are

APA (American Psychological Association ) referencing & Harvard referencing

Harvard referencing is more commonly used in social science studies and thus USB prefers Harvard referencing style

Citing in your report

According to Porter (1991), bargaining power of suppliers reduces when a firm has more suppliers. or Porter (1991) asserts/states/concludes/suggests to maintain more suppliers to reduce the bargaining power of suppliers or Bargaining power of suppliers reduces when a firm has more suppliers (Porter, 1991).

REFERENCING A BOOK
Author(s)
Surname.Initial(s), Use & between two authors.

Date Year of publication

Naidoo, J. & Willis, J. (2001) Health studies: an introduction. Basingstoke, Palgrave.

Title
In sentence case and italicised.

Publisher
Place of publication, publisher.

REFERENCING AN e-BOOK
Author(s)

Date Year of publication

Title
In sentence case and italicised.

Surname.Initial(s), Use & between two authors.

Seedhouse, D. (2009) Ethics: the heart of health care (3rd ed). Chichester, Wiley [Online]. Available at http://www.dawsonera.com. Accessed on 24th January 2010, 10:15am.

Publisher
Publisher followed by [Online].

Access information
Give homepage of website, and date and time you accessed the resource.

REFERENCING A JOURNAL ARTICLE

Date Year of publication

Author(s)

Article Title
In sentence case

Surname.Initial(s), Use & between two authors.

Kelly, C. & Lynes, D. (2008) Psychological effects of chronic lung disease. Nursing Times, 104(47), pp.82-85.

Journal Title
In Title Case and italicised

Journal information
Give volume and issue as x(x), followed by page numbers pp. For multiple pages p. For a single page item

REFERENCING A WEB PAGE

Author(s)
Surname.Initial(s) if a person is the author. Otherwise use corporate author or organisation.

Date Year site last updated (often shown at the bottom of the page).

Department for Children, Schools and Families. (2009) Background to every child matters. Every Child Matters [Online]. Available at http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/about/background/background/ . Accessed on 18th February 2010, 11:10pm.

Page Title
In sentence case

Access information Website Title

In Title Case and italicised. Followed by [Online]. Give full address of webpage, and date and time you accessed the resource.

For a detailed guidelines of Harvard referencing style, visit

http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm

Too short a report or long Weak sentence structure or strong More grammatical errors or less

WRITE YOUR REPORT OF YOUR OWN &

BE PROUD OF IT

DONT LET YOUR BBA DEGREE OWN BY OTHERS! PLEASE!!!