J2EE : Why, What and How

TM

University of Texas at Dallas Anna Yi

Objectives
Why J2EE? What is J2EE? How to use J2EE?

Why J2EE?

Motivation for J2EE

Need for
New multi-tier enterprise computing model in web environment A way to bring in different elements of enterprise application
Web interface design Transaction processing Meeting non-functional system requirements:
Availability, reliability, enhanceability, performance, scalability, reusability, interoperability

Timely development and deployment

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Why J2EE?

Two-tier Client/Server Architecture

Client

Server

Why J2EE?

Simple Web Client/Server

Interaction of two-tier architecture Client: simply accesses web pages through web browser Server: retrieves html documents

Why J2EE?

CGI-based Web Client/Server

Interaction of two-tier architecture Client: uses service requiring 2ndary storage Server: manipulates forms, Database updates, (primitive) electronic commerce Fat Server/ Thin Client

Why J2EE?

Java Applet-based Web Client/Server

Interaction of two-tier architecture Client: uses Java Applet for client-side computation Server: provides Applet bytecode Fat Client/Thin Server

Why J2EE?

Two-tier Client/Server Architecture

So, important processing needs to be run on the server

Then, Java needs to run on the server too to be more useful enterprise
The server is almost like what CGI-programming does Client: data access applying business logic and presentation of data (computation)

Server: serves only as service-database server, not application server web server Server Client

But what is the problem with this architecture?

Why J2EE?

Drawbacks of two tier application architecture

Easy to deploy, but difficult to enhance or upgrade Reusability of business and presentation logic difficult Not scalable

Why J2EE?

Vision of J2EE
An open standard Umbrella for anything Java-related For designing, developing, assembling, and deploying component-based enterprise applications Separation of business logic from presentation Reusability, enhanceability, scalability, interoperability
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Why J2EE?

Separation of Business logic from Presentation logic

Presentation logic : display Business logic : what the company wants to do
Example: the distribution of different sales figures by diff dept (business logic) can be represented in many different ways (pie chart, bar graph, etc)

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Why J2EE?
Simplifies the complexity of a building ntier application Standardizes an API between components and application server container J2EE Application Server and Containers provide the framework services

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What is J2EE?
Defines the standard for developing multitier enterprise applications Simplifies enterprise applications by:
Basing them on standardized, modular components Providing a complete set of services to those components Handling many details of application behavior automatically, without complex programming

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What is J2EE?

Thin-client Multi-tiered Architecture

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J2EE Tiers
Client Presentation
HTML or Java applets deployed in Browser XML documentations transmitted through HTTP Java clients running in Client Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Presentation Logic
Servlets or JavaServer Pages running in web server

Application Logic
Enterprise JavaBeans running in Server
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J2EE Components & Services

Components - Java Servlets - JavaServer Pages (JSP) - Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) Standard services & supporting technologies - Java database connectivity(JDBC) data access API - Java Messaging Service (JMS) Extensible Markup Languages(XML) JavaIDL (Interface Description Language) JavaMail Java Security CORBA technology Design Patterns
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(Remote Method Invocations (RMI))

Advantages of Multi-tiers
Tiers separate functionality:
Presentation Logic, Business Logic, Data Schema

Easier upgrade since one tier can be changed without changing the rest Lower deployment and maintenance cost More flexible (can support changes), more extensible (can add functionality)
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What is J2EE?

The Big Picture

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What is J2EE?

4-Tier Model
Web Tier

Client Tier
EIS Tier

Business Tier

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What is J2EE?

Commercial Platforms
J2EE SDK 1.3 (Sun) * WebLogic (BEA Systems) WebSphere (IBM) iPlanet (Sun & NetScape) JBoss (Open source)

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What is J2EE?

What is Application Server

Application servers enable the development of multi-tiered distributed applications. They are also called middleware An application server acts as the interface between the database(s), the web servers and the client browsers

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Application Server: Key Services

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JBoss- Application Server

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What is J2EE?

J2EE Components
Java Servlets
JavaServer Pages (JSP) Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)

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What is J2EE?

Overview of Servlets
Container-managed web components Replace Common Gateway Interface(CGI) or Active Server Pages (ASP) Generate dynamic response to requests from web based clients Synchronize multiple concurrent client request Serve as client proxies

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What is J2EE?

Servlet Operation
Server is Java program that runs as separate thread inside servlet container. Servlet container is part of web server It interact with web client using response request paradigm

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What is J2EE?

JavaServer Pages (JSP)

Text based documents describe how to process a request and create a response Contains HTML or XML and other JSP elements defined by JSP specification. Are Installed on web server are web components that sits on top of java servlet mode.

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What is J2EE?

JSP Advantages
Performance
Runtime characteristics of servlets
uses Lightweight threads: Doesnt start new process for each request, Initialized once and persists in memory for multiple requests, cached

Automatic recompilation of modified pages Server side processing

Programming
Emphasize use of reusable components Write Once , Run Anywhere properties Extensible through custom tag libraries

Provides front end access mechanism to EJBs

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What is J2EE?

Parts of JSP Pages

Directive
<%@ page import=java.util., MVCApp.Cart, MVCApp.CartItem %>

Declaration
<%! Iterator it = null; CartItem ci = null; Vector cpi = null;%>

Raw HTML
<html><head><title>Shopping Cart</title></head></html>

Action
<jsp:usebean id =Cart scope = session class = MVCApp.Cart/>

Scriplets
% Cpi = cart.getCartItems ( ); it = cpi.iterator(); While (it.hasNext()){ci= (Cart Item)it.next(); %>
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What is J2EE?

Parts of JSP Pages

Expression <td<% = ci.getTitle() %></td> <td align =right><%=ci.getQuantity()%></td> Implicit Objects <% string action = request.getParameter(action) ; %>

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What is J2EE?

Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs)

Entity Beans
Represent persistent business Entity Persisted in storage system ( usually Database) Might contain Application logic intrinsic to entity

Session Beans
Perform work for individual clients on the server Encapsulate complex business logic Can coordinate transactional work on multiple entity beans

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What is J2EE?

States and Persistence

Session beans can be
Stateless- belong to client for duration of a method call Stateful- belong to client for duration of client conversation

Entity beans can have

Bean-managed persistence- The developer writes SQL code to retrieve,store and update database Container managed persistence- The developer provide database mapping information that allows the container to manage persistence
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What is J2EE?

Example of EJB Application

It consists of number of clients accessing session beans and entity beans Each Session bean provides specialized processing on behalf of client
e.g. Travel Agent session bean makes travel reservations while Flight Scheduler bean schedules planes to fly on various routes.

Each Entity Bean represent different type of business entity.

e.g.Passengers, seats, planes, flights are entity beans

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What is J2EE?

Example: Travel Agency

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How to use J2EE?

How to use J2EE ?

Using J2EE SDK 1.3.1 to Design, Develop, Assemble and Deploy Applications

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How to run J2EE application on J2EE SDK 1.3.1

Preparation Write and compile codes <Start J2EE SDK> to Assemble, Deploy, and Run the application Packaging
Creating the J2EE Application (.ear) Creating the Enterprise Bean (.jar) Creating the Web Client (.war)

Deploying Running
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Preparation
Install J2EE SDK 1.3.1 on your system Set Environment Variables
JAVA_HOME
= root directory of J2SE SDK installation

J2EE_HOME
= root directory of J2EE SDK installation

PATH
= %PATH%;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%J2EE_HOME%\bin

CLASSPATH
= %CLASSPATH%;%J2EE_HOME%\lib\j2ee.jar

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Creating Web Component

When web client such as browser communicates with J2EE application, it dose so through serverside objects called Web components Writes and compiles the source code Bundles the .class, .jsp, .html files into WAR file

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Creating Enterprise Bean

An enterprise bean is a server-side component that contains the business logic of an application Write and compile the source code Package the beans classes into EJB JAR file Remote Interface Remote Home Interface Client Enterprise Bean Class
Remote Interface EJB Home Interface
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Remote Interface
WebAddressAccount.java defines the business methods that a client may call. The business methods are implemented in the enterprise bean code
public interface WebAddressAccount extends EJBObject { public String getUrlName(); public String getUrlDescript();

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Home Interface
WebAddressAccountHome.java defines the methods that allow a client to create, find, or remove an enterprise bean
public interface WebAddressAccountHome extends EJBHome {
public WebAddressAccount create(String urlName, String urlDescript); public WebAddressAccount findByPrimaryKey(String urlName) ;

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Enterprise Bean Class

WebAddressAccountBean.java implements the business methods
public class WebAddressAccountBean implements EntityBean {

public String getUrlName() { return urlName; } public String getUrlDescript() { return urlDescript; } public String ejbCreate( String urlName, String urlDescript) { insertRow( urlName, urlDescript); } public String ejbFindByPrimaryKey(String primaryKey) { result = selectByPrimaryKey(primaryKey); }
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Start J2EE SDK to Assemble, Deploy, and Run the application

Start Cloudscape database server.
C:\> cloudscape start

Start J2EE server

C:\> j2ee verbose

Start deploytool
C:\> deploytool

Build the database table

C:\> cloudscape isql

WebAddressAccoun t urlName (PK) urlDescription

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Packaging
Create an Enterprise Archive (EAR) file
ProjectApp.ear

Add Java Archive (JAR) files and Web Archive (WAR) files to the EAR
WebAddressAccountJAR: contains the enterprise bean files and related files ProjectWAR: contains the Web Component files and related files

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Example: BonusApp
Objective: To calculate bonus for an employee

3-Tier Example using Session Bean 4-Tier Example using Entity Bean
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3 Tier Example: using session bean

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Create HTML page Create Servlet Create the Session Bean Compile the Session Bean and Servlet Start the J2EE Application Server Start the Deploy tool Assemble the J2EE application Specify JNDI Name and Root Context Verify and Deploy the J2EE application Run the J2EE application
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3 Tier Example: using session bean

3-tier
Html page Servlet Session Bean

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bonus.html
<HTML> <BODY BGCOLOR = "WHITE"> <BLOCKQUOTE> <H3>Bonus Calculation</H3> <FORM METHOD="GET" ACTION=bonusServlet"> <P> Enter social security Number: <P> <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="SOCSEC"></INPUT> <P> Enter Multiplier: <P> <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="MULTIPLIER"></INPUT> <P> <INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Submit"> <INPUT TYPE="RESET"> </FORM> </BLOCKQUOTE> </BODY> </HTML>

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BonusServlet.java
public class bonusServlet extends HttpServlet {

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Create Session Bean: CalcHome, Calc, CalcBean

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CalcHome.Java

BonusServlet does not work directly with the session bean, but creates an instance of its home interface. The home interface extends EJBHome and has a create method for creating the session bean in its container.

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Calc.java

When the home interface is created, the J2EE application server creates the remote interface and session bean. The remote interface extends EJBObject and declares the calcBonus method for calculating the bonus value. This method is required to throw javax.rmi.RemoteException, and is implemented by the CalcBean class.

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CalcBean.java

The session bean class implements the SessionBean interface and provides behavior for the calcBonus method. The setSessionContext and ejbCreate methods are called in that order by the container after BonusServlet calls the create method in CalcHome.

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Source Codes

HTML bonus.html

Servlet
BonusServlet.java

Session Bean CalcHome.java

Calc.java CalcBean.java

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Start the Application Server

Start the Application Server J2ee verbose Start the deploytool deploytool

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Assemble the J2EE Application

1. Create a new J2EE application (BonusApp.ear). 2. Create a new enterprise bean (CalcBean.jar). 3. Create a new web component (Bonus.war). 4. Specify JNDI name for the enterprise bean (calcs). 5. Specify the Root Context for the J2EE application (BonusRoot).

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2. Create a New EnterpriseBean

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3. Create a new web component (Bonus.war).

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JNDI Names and Resource References

JNDI: Java Naming and Directory Interface J2EE components locate objects by invoking the JNDI lookup method The JNDI name of a resource and the name of the resource reference are not the same This approach to naming requires that you map the two names before deployment

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Specifying a Resource Reference

The WebAddressAccountBean code refers to the database as follows: private String dbName = "java:comp/env/jdbc/WebAddressAccountDB";

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Mapping Resource Reference to JNDI Name

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Deploy the application

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Run the application

In the browser, type http://localhost:8000/BonusRoot/bonus.html Fill in a social security number Fill in a multiplier Click the Submit button. BonusServlet processes your data and returns an HTML page with the bonus calculation on it.
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4 Tier Example: using entity bean/ cooperating enterprise beans

4-tier
Html Servlet EJBs Database

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Create Entity Bean: Bonus Home

(Home interface), Bonus (Remote interface)

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Create Entity Bean: Bonus Home

(Home interface), Bonus (Remote interface)

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4 Tier Example: using JavaServer Pages

4-tier
Client JSP EJBs Database
JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology lets you put segments of servlet code directly into a static HTML page. When the JSP Page is loaded by a browser, the servlet code executes and the application server creates, compiles, loads, and runs a background servlet to execute the servlet code segments and return an HTML page or print an XML report.
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4 Tier Example: Bonus.jsp

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Modifying the J2EE Application

Change the source code Recompile it Redeploy the application
Select Tools -> Update Files Select Tools -> Deploy Or Select Tools -> Update And Redeploy

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
Learning curve Overhead of a layered architecture: no direct communication between layers that are apart, affecting performance Moving target, i.e. upgraded versions

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Conclusion : Summary
Need for server-side/enterprise processing with enhanceability, reusability, and scalability J2EE as a web-based, component-based multi-tiered client/server architecture Designing, developing, assembling, and deploying java applications using a platform
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Conclusion: Research Issues

(Evolving)Vision still to be realized Non-functional characteristics (enhanceability,
reusability, scalability, security, etc)

Integration with other technologies such as CGI-programming and CORBA Fuller support for design patterns in software lifecycle

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Reference
http://java.sun.com/j2ee http://www.utdallas.edu/~chung/SA/2client .pdf http://sdmc.krdl.org.sg:8080/~judice/J2EE. pdf http://www.sun.com/developers/evangcent ral/presentations/j2eeoverview.pdf http://www.sun.com/developers/evangcent ral/presentations/J2EE.pdf
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Design Patterns: Factory Method

The Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses The Factory Pattern promotes loose coupling by eliminating the need to bind application-specific classes into the code.

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Design Patterns: Factory Method

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Design Patterns: Factory Method

The equivalent code :
The EJB Client code to talk to an EJB import javax.naming.*; public class EJBClient { public static void main (String[] argv) { // get the JNDI naming context Context initialCtx = new InitialContext (); // use the context to lookup the EJB Home interface AccountHome home=(AccountHome)initialCtx.lookup("Account"); // use the Home Interface to create a Session bean object Account account = home.create (10001, "Athul", 100000000.25d); // invoke business methods account.credit (200000000.25d); // remove the object account.remove (); } }

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Design Patterns: Facade

The JMS class hierarchy can be somewhat daunting at first glance. The relationships between the classes are straight forward, but they require a sequence of code that is often repeated within a JMS application.

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Design Patterns: facade

The JMS Connection and Session Types
Depending upon the message-delivery paradigm you choose, your code must work with the correct ConnectionFactory, Connection, and Session classes. Each interface has a subclass for both the publish/subscribe (Topic) and point-to-point (Queue) message models.

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Design Patterns: Facade

Topic and Queue Subclasses
Topic and Queue extend the Destination abstract interface. Subsequently, MessageProducer and MessageConsumer have subclasses for both message models.

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Design Patterns: Facade

The com.JMSFacade Package
This is an example of importing and creating the JMS Facade class,
JMSManager: import com.JMSFacade;

import javax.jms.*; public class myClass { JMSManager jmsMgr = new JMSManager(); ... }

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Core J2EE Pattern Catalog

http://java.sun.com/blueprints/patterns/index.html

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