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Chapter 5
Simple interest
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Learning Objectives
Understand the effect of inflation on interest rate levels Perform calculations involving simple interest Manipulate the simple interest formula Distinguish between, and calculate, flat and effective rates of interest
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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5.1 Introduction
Interest denotes any income received from capital that has been invested, or the amount of money paid for the use of borrowed money The actual amount of money that has been lent or invested, or the current balance of the original amount, is called the principal (or capital). The amount of money received as interest depends on three factors: 1. The principal or capital 2. The rate of interest 3. The duration of the debt or investment
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Introduction (cont)
The amount of a loan or investment before interest is added on (or a discount is taken off) is called the face value The actual interest (or return) expressed as a percentage of the price paid is called the yield. The actual rate of interest charged by lending institutions depends on many factors, including current and expected inflation rates, competition between financial institutions, the size of Australias budget deficit the amount of the principal
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Introduction (cont)
The effect of inflation on the level of interest rates
According to monetary theory, price levels in general will rise if the money supply grows more quickly than the total output of the economy. Inflation may be defined as persistent increase in the general level of prices and is normally accompanied by high interest rates Those who borrow money are able to pay the higher interest rate if inflation enables them to raise their selling price to pay for it. In this way, borrowers themselves are helping to create an inflationary spiral in which inflation and interest rates continually push each other higher.
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Introduction (cont)
One of the factors affecting mortgage rates of interest is the cost of goods and services. That is, inflation is going to reduce the value of the money and mortgage rates will rise Many factors affect interest rates, including high unemployment rates overseas interest rates, balance of payments figures, deregulation of the financial system, the amount held in deposits and especially government policy
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Given P = principal R = rate of interest T = time (in years) I = total simple interest S = amount or maturity value of the principal
Simple interest:
I PR T
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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S P1 RT
What amount of principal will give a certain maturity value.
S P 1 RT
When P is calculated from S, the value of P is called the present value of S or the discounted value of S.
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Solution
Here So T 4.25 I PR T $1500 0.015 4.25 $956.25
Hence, the total simple interest earned is $956.25.
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Solution
P= $5000, R = 0.095 and T = 1.5
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Solution
S= $4000, R = 0.12 and T = 5 S P 1 RT $4000 1 0.12 5 $2500
Hence, the investor should invest $2500 now in order to have $4000 at the end of 5 years.
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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I P R T
1 12
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Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
Solution
I PRT $1000 0.025 $2.08
Hence the interest due for November is $2.08
1 12
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2N R E N 1
Where: E = effective rate R = flat rate N = number of repayments
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Solution
N 5 12 60, R 0.095
E 2N R N1 2 60 0.095 60 1 0.1869
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N 1 E R
2N
Where: E = effective rate R = flat rate N = number of repayments
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Solution
N 20 12 240, E 0.115
R
N 1 E
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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Summary
We looked at understanding the effect of inflation on interest rate levels
Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint slides to accompany Croucher, Introductory Mathematics and Statistics, 5e
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