Section 6.

1
Trigonometric Functions of Acute Angles

Consider a right triangle.

The right angle takes up 90 degrees

A triangle has 180 degrees, les the 90 for the right angle.
This leaves 90 degrees for the two remaining angles So, the 2 remaining angles must be acute angles, ie <90 degrees each.

The ratios of the lengths of these sides define the 6 trigonometric ratios.

The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse

The side opposite angle theta Is called the opposite side

The side touching theta is called the adjacent side

Notice: If we would have used the OTHER acute angle, the names for the opposite and adjacent sides would have changed.

Let theta be an acute angle of a right triangle. Then the six trigonometric functions of theta are:

hypotenuse csc opposite sec hypotenuse adjacent

sine

opposite sin hypotenuse

cosecant

cosine

adjacent cos hypotenuse

opposite tan adjacent

secant

tangent

cotangent

adjacent cot opposite

There is some intelligence in the particular arrangement of these functions. For now, notice that reciprocals are horizontally opposite each other.

SOHCAHTOA

AOHAHO

17 Find the Trig functions on theta

15 R e c I p r o c a l s

sin ______

csc _____

cos _____

sec _____

tan _____

cot _____

Reciprocal Functions

1 sin csc 1 cos sec 1 tan cot

1 csc sin 1 sec cos 1 cot tan

Similar triangles have the same 3 angles and their sides are proportional. The Trigonometric functions are based on the angles 15 5 3
1
2

12

3 sin 1 5

9 3 sin 2 15 5

4 cos1 5
tan 1 3 4

12 4 cos2 15 5
9 3 tan 2 12 4

So, the 6 trig functions on the same angles will be the same if their sides are proportional.

What do we do if we know the value of one trig function and are told to find the other 5?

25
24

Find the unknown part

24 sin 25
We know

sin

opposite hypotenuse

242 b 2 252 576 b 2 625

Label the parts we know on the triangle.

We also know the Pythagorean Equation.

b 2 49

a 2 b2 c2
Where a and b are sides and c is the hypotenuse.

b 7
The last side is 7 Show the other 5 trig functions.

What do we do if we know the value of one trig function and are told to find the other 5?

5
2

2 tan 1
5 csc 2
sec 5
1

tan 2
a 2 b2 c2 12 22 c 2 5 c2
c 5

Think of this as the rational number

2 2 5 sin 5 5 1 5 cos 5 5

tan 2

1 cot 2

Note: Rationalized denominators

Special Triangles Isosceles Triangle

Relative ratio of sides 1 1

45

45

2
Knowing this, we can find exact values for the six trig functions of
sin 45 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
csc 45 2

45

KNOW THESE EXACT VALUES

sec 45 2

cos45

1 tan 45 1 1

cot 45 1

Special Triangles

Equilateral Triangle

60
2

If we drop a perpendicular bisector from the top angle we get

60
2

60

a 2 b2 c2 12 b 2 22

b2 3
30

b 3
2

90

60

We now know the particulars of a 30-60-90 triangle As a result we can now do exact values for 30 and 60 degree trig functions.

30
3

sin 30

2
cos 30

1 2
3 2 1

csc30 2

sec 30

90

60

2 2 3 3 3

tan 30

3 3

cot 30 3

KNOW THESE EXACT VALUES

3 sin 60 2 1 cos30 2

csc30

2 2 3 3 3
sec 30 2

tan 30 3

cot 30

1 3 2 3

Angle measures Currently we are using degrees

There are two ways to express degrees Degrees, minutes, and seconds 1 degree= 60 minutes 1 minute= 60 seconds

Decimal expression

47.8268

47 49'36"

Conversions
Take the decimal part and multiply by 60 minutes/degree Take the seconds part and divide by 60 to convert it to minutes

60' .8268 49.608' 1

36 47 49' " 47 49.6' 60

Take the decimal part and multiply by 60 seconds/minute

Take the minutes part and divide by 60 to convert it to degrees

60" .608' 36.48" 1'

47 49'36"

49.6 47 ' 47.8267 60

Note: Due to rounding there is a slight difference

It is best to use whatever unit is given TI-84

TI-84

Mode setting to degrees

47.8268

2nd angle 4

2 sin 45 2

sin 45 .7071067812
Approximate Answer

Exact Answer

Complementary Angles 2 angels whose sum is 90 degrees.

Supplementary Angles 2 angels whose sum is 180 degrees.

Cofunction Identities Assign some arbitrary names

90

Jan

Moe

Sam
O Moe sin H Jan A Sam cos H Jan O Moe tan A Sam A Sam cot O Moe sec csc H Jan A Sam H Jan O Moe O Sam H Jan A Moe cos(90 ) H Jan O Sam tan(90 ) A Moe A Moe cot(90 ) O Sam H Jan sec(90 ) A Moe H Jan csc( 90 ) O Sam sin(90 )

The cofunction IDs are Complementary

(90 ) 90

Cofunction Identities

sin cos(90 )

csc sec(90 )

cos sin(90 )

sec csc(90 )

tan cot(90 )

cot tan(90 )

tan 52 cot____

sec13 csc____

Homework
3,5,7,9,13,17,21,23,31,33,41,47,83,85,95