Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Form
Like African music, jazz form is cyclic, each cycle being defined rhythmically and harmonically. Each cycle is called a chorus.
Type of song form: AABA, this type of song has an opening section (A), a bridge (B) before transitioning to the final A section. This song form is used in a variety of music genres including pop, gospel and jazz. The classic AABA song form can be illustrated as such: A: 8 bars A: 8 bars B: 8 bars A: 8 bars
A-A-B-A-B-A The second bridge may either be lyrically the same or different than the first bridge, at times it can also be an instrumental part. The last A section may also be a repeat of an earlier verse or an entirely new verse that gives the song a sense of completion.
AABABA song form: Longer First A: Longer than thereve been fishes in the ocean Second A: Stronger than any mountain cathedral. B Section: Ill bring fires in the winters Third A: Through the years as the fire starts to mellow. B Section: Instrumental Final A: Longer than thereve been fishes in the ocean (repeats the first A section)
Blues form
Poetic form: three-line asymmetric stanza (AAB) with each line consisting of two vocal measures (call) followed by two instrumental measures (response), to make a twelve measure chorus.
Blues form also have an emotional impact on the tune which it can be played in different rhythmic grooves and tempos. The example of fast blues are Its All Right, Baby and Big Joe by Turner and Pete Johnson). An example of modern jazz blues is Nows the Time (by Charlie Parker).
Syncopation
Syncopation : to feel syncopation say oneand two-and three-and four-and clapping on each number. Then say it again and clap on the and. Do you notice how the beats feel different?
Improvisation
When the chord pattern and other essential points are written down in advance which the players improvise, this is called a head arrangement.
Breaks are improvised solo improvisations. Every instrumentalist gets a turn at playing a break. Eg: Check out the drums in particular in Dave Brubecks Take Five (MIDI)
Jazz instruments
Piano, drums, clarinet, trumpet and double bass are the standard instruments in a Jazz combo. The bass is plucked instead of bowed, the cymbals are tickled with brushes and the trumpet is blown very hard. Jazz performers also very achieve distinctive sound by bending the pitch into a note, sliding from one pitch to another, letting the pitch fall off at its release. They also use different types of vibrato which they add an ornamental ending over a long note at the end of a piece.
Drum
Clarinet
Trumpet
Double bass
Piano
Texture
i) Refers to the way melody and harmony are balanced. ii) There are three types of texture iii) The homophonic texture: usually melody and harmony are in separate layers. Sometimes in a single layer: block harmony occurs when two or more instruments play the same phrase with the same rhythm but with different pitches filling out the harmony often in the context of solo.
Texture
iv) Monophonic texture: rare in jazz but found in early jazz breaks, where a musician plays while the rest of the band is silent (usually two bars) or can be used to begin or end a piece. v) Polyphonic texture: two or more simultaneous melodies of equal interest, heard in New Orleans jazz.
Eg: big bands, avant-garde jazz