MEKATRONIKA

Oleh : Liman Hartawan Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknologi Industri INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL

Sensor
Pustaka; - The Mechatronics Handbook - Introduction to Mchatronics and Measurement Systems

Mechatronic System Components

Pengertian
Sensor

is a device that when exposed to a physical phenomenon (temperature, displacement, force, etc.) produces a proportional output signal (electrical, mechanical, magnetic, etc.). Sensor is a device that responds to a change in the physical phenomenon.

TRANDUCER
The

term transducer is often used synonymously with sensors. Transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another form of energy.

SENSOR <=> TRANDUCER

Sensors

are transducers when they sense one form of energy input and output in a different form of energy. Ex. : a thermocouple responds to a temperature change (thermal energy) and outputs a proportional change in electromotive force (electrical energy).

MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES
Linear/Rotational

sensors Acceleration sensors Force, torque, and pressure sensor Flow sensors Temperature sensors Proximity sensors Light sensors Smart material sensors Micro- and nano-sensors

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (1/7)

Linear/Rotational

sensors

Linear/Rotational variable differential transducer (LVDT/RVDT) Optical encoder Electrical tachometer Hall effect sensor Capacitive transducer Strain gauge elements Interferometer Magnetic pickup

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (2/7)

Acceleration

sensors

Seismic accelerometer Piezoelectric accelerometer

Force,

torque, and pressure sensor

Strain gauge Dynamometers/load cells Piezoelectric load cells Tactile sensor Ultrasonic stress sensor

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (3/7)

Flow

sensors

Pitot tube Orifice plate Flow nozzle, venturi tubes Rotameter Ultrasonic type Turbine flow meter Electromagnetic flow meter

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (4/7)

Temperature

sensors

Thermocouples Thermistors Thermodiodes, thermo transistors RTDresistance temperature detector Infrared type Infrared thermography

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (5/7)

Proximity

sensors

Inductance, eddy current, hall effect, photoelectric, capacitance, etc.

Light

sensors

Photoresistors, photodiodes, photo transistors, photo conductors, etc. Charge-coupled diode

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (6/7)

Smart

material sensors
Piezoelectric
As

Optical fiber
As

strain sensor As level sensor As force sensor As temperature sensor

strain sensor As force sensor As accelerometer

Magnetostrictive
As

force sensors As torque sensor

TYPES OF SENSORS CLASSIFIED BY MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES (7/7)

Micro-

and nano-sensors

Micro CCD image sensor Fiberscope Micro-ultrasonic sensor Micro-tactile sensor

Another Classified (1/3)

Sensors

classified as passive or active.

In passive sensors, the power required to produce the output is provided by the sensed physical phenomenon itself (such as a thermometer) whereas the active sensors require external power source (such as a strain gage).

Another Classified (2/3)

Sensors

classified as analog or digital based on the type of output signal.

Analog sensors produce continuous signals that are proportional to the sensed parameter and typically require analog-to-digital conversion before feeding to the digital controller. Digital sensors on the other hand produce digital outputs that can be directly interfaced with the digital controller. Often, the digital outputs are produced by adding an analog-to-digital converter to the sensing unit.

Another Classified
Sensors

(3/3)

active.

can also be classified as passive or

In passive sensors, the power required to produce the output is provided by the sensed physical phenomenon itself (such as a thermometer) whereas the active sensors require external power source (such as a strain gage).

SELECTION CRITERIA
Static and dynamic factors must be considered in selecting a suitable sensor to measure the desired physical parameter.
Range Resolution Accuracy Precision Sensitivity Zero Zero

offset Linearity

Drift Response time Bandwidth Resonance Operating temperature Deadband Signal-to-noise ratio

Linear and Rotational Sensors

Contact Infrared Resistive Tilt (Gravity) Capacitive AC Inductive DC Magnetic Ultrasonic Magnetostrictive Time-of-Flight Laser Interferometry

Distance Measuring and Proximity Sensors

Light Detection, Image, and Vision Systems

Terima kasih atas perhatiannya

L.Hart