K

h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5


LAN DESIGN &
DOCUMENTATION

TS, PHM VN TNH
PART14
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Grounding of Networking Equipment
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Grounding of Networking Equipment
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Surge suppressors
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

6
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAN DESIGN
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

7
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAN design goals
Functionality--speed and reliability
Scalability--ability to grow without
major changes
Adaptability--easily implements new
technologies
Manageability--facilitates monitoring
and ease of management
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

8
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAN design considerations
The function and placement of servers
Collision detection issues
Segmentation issues
Broadcast domain issues

K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

9
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Placement of Servers
Servers now perform special functions and can be
categorized as either...
Enterprise Servers--supports all users on the network
DNS , Mail , WEB servers
should be placed in the main distribution facility (MDF)
or...
Workgroup Servers--supports a specific set of users
file serving such as specialized databases
should be place in the intermediate distribution facilities
(IDF) closest to users
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
0
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Placement of Servers
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
1
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAN Segmentation
Segmentation is the process of splitting a
single collision domain into two or more
collision domains.
Layer 2 devices such as bridges and
switches reduce the size of a collision
domain.
Routers reduce the size of the collision
domain and the size of the broadcast
domain at Layer 3.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
2
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Basic Steps in LAN design
1. Gather requirements and expectations
2. Analyze requirements and data
3. Design the Layer 1, 2, and 3 LAN
structure, or topology
4. Document the logical and physical
network implementation
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
3
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Gather requirements and expectations
Who are the people who will be using the
network?
What is the skill level of these people?
How developed are the organizational
documented policies?
Has some data been declared mission
critical?
Have some operations been declared
mission critical?
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
4
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Gather requirements and expectations
What protocols are allowed on the network?
Are only certain desktop hosts supported?
Who is responsible for LAN addressing, naming,
topology design, and configuration?
What are the organizational human, hardware,
and software resources?
How are these resources currently linked and
shared?
What financial resources does the organization
have available?

K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
5
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Analyze requirements and data
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
6
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Network Availability
Throughput
Response time
Access to resources
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
7
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Develop LAN Topology
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
8
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Developing LAN Topology
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

1
9
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Important LAN design documentation
OSI layer topology map
LAN logical map
LAN physical map
Cut sheets
VLAN logical map
Layer 3 logical map
Addressing maps
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
0
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

OSI layer topology map
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
1
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAN logical Diagram
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
2
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Cut sheets
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
3
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

VLAN logical map
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
4
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Layer 3 logical map
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
5
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Addressing maps
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
6
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAYER 1 DESIGN
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
7
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Layer 1 design
Choose cable type.
Identify work area and HCC.
Identify MDF, IDF, HCC, VCC and POP.
Choose Ethernet or Fast Ethernet.
Documentation and physical diagrams
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
8
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Example: Wiring closet location
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

2
9
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Example: Wiring closet layout
3.50m.
4
.
0
0
m
.
Rack 1
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
0
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Example: Rack layout
19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 48 37 38 39 40 41 42 31 32 33 34 35 36 25 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 48 37 38 39 40 41 42 31 32 33 34 35 36 25 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 48 37 38 39 40 41 42 31 32 33 34 35 36 25 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 24 13 14 15 16 17 18 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 48 37 38 39 40 41 42 31 32 33 34 35 36 25 26 27 28 29 30
POWERFAULT DATA ALARM
Class Room 1
Class Room 3
Class Room 2
Backbone and
Server Farm
C2924XL - Wg1
C2924XL - Wg2 Mail Server
Router 3662
PIX Firewall
HDSL
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
1
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Example: User location
3.50m.
2
.
0
0
m
.
7
.
0
0
m
.
5.00m. 6.00m.
3
.
0
0
m
.
1.40m. 1.80m.
4.00m. 5.00m.
1.40m.
6.20m.
1
.
8
0
m
.
7
.
0
0
m
.
7.00m.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
2
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Example: Cable run
Rack
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
U
T
P
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP UTP
U
T
P
U
T
P
U
T
P
U
T
P
UTP
6
18
32
8
4
16
28
68
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
3
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

MDF and IDF
Whether the LAN is a star or extended star,
the MDF is the center of the star.
From the workstation to the
telecommunications outlet, the patch cable
should be no more than 3m.
From their to the patch panel, called the
HCC, no more than 90m.
From the patch panel (the HCC) to the
switch, no more than 6m.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
4
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

MDF and IDF
When distances to the MDF are more than
100m, an IDF is normally added.
The cable run from the IDF to the MDF is
called backbone and is usually fiber.
By adding more wiring closets (more IDFs),
you create multiple catchment areas
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
5
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

MDF and IDF
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
6
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Layer 1 Logical Diagram
Locations and identification of the MDF and IDF
wiring closets.
Type and quantity of cabling used to
interconnect the IDFs with the MDF.
Document how many spare cables are available
for increasing the bandwidth between the wiring
closets. For example, if the vertical cabling
between IDF 1 and the MDF is running at 80%
utilization, two additional pairs could be used to
double the capacity.
Detailed documentation of all cable runs, the
identification numbers, and the port the run is
terminated on at the HCC or VCC.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
7
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Logical Diagram & Cut Sheets
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
8
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAYER 2 DESIGN
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

3
9
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Common Layer 2 Devices
The two most common Layer 2 devices are...
Bridges and
LAN Switches
Microsegmentation of the network reduces the size
of collision domains and reduces collisions.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
0
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Collisions Domain Size with HUB
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
1
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

SWITCH Collision Domain
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
2
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

SWITCH with HUB
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
3
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Migrate to Higher Bandwidth
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
4
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Access
Layer2 switching
Distribution
Layer3 switching
Core
Layer2/Layer3 switching
Hierarchical design model


K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
5
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Switched LANs, access layer overview
Shared bandwidth
Switched bandwidth
MAC layer filtering
Microsegment
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
6
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Access layer switches
Catalyst 1900
series
Catalyst 2820
series
Catalyst 2950
series
Catalyst 4000
series
Catalyst 5000
series

Catalyst 4000
Catalyst 1912
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
7
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Distribution layer overview
Aggregation of the wiring closet
connections
Broadcast/multicast domain definition
Virtual LAN (VLAN) routing
Any media transitions that need to occur
Security
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
8
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Distribution layer switches
Catalyst 2926G
Catalyst 5000
family
Catalyst 6000
family
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

4
9
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Core layer overview
The core layer is a high-speed switching
backbone.
This layer of the network design should
not perform any packet manipulation.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
0
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Core layer switches
Catalyst 6500
series
Catalyst 8500
series
IGX 8400 series
Lightstream 1010
Catalyst 8540
Catalyst 1010
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
1
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

LAYER 3 DESIGN
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
2
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Routers and Design
Routers provide both physical and logical
segmentation.
Logically, routers segment according to Layer 3
addressing dividing the LAN into logical
segments called subnets.
VLAN capable switches help routers contain
broadcasts.
The graphic shows two broadcast domains.
Notice there is also two subnets. How do we
know that?
The router provides communication between the
two VLANs.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
3
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

VLANs & Broadcast Domains
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
4
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Diagramming a LAN with Routers
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
5
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Diagramming a LAN with Routers
Notice in the graphic that the two networks
are kept separate by the router.
Each switch serves a different network
regardless of the physical location of the
devices.
To create another physical network in a
structured Layer 1 wiring scheme, simply
patch the HCC and VCC into the correct
switch.
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
6
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Logical & Physical Network Maps
After determining your Layer 1, 2, and 3 design, you
can create your addressing (logical) and physical
maps. These are invaluable :
Give a snapshot of the network
Show subnet mask info
Help in troubleshooting

Logical Addressing Mapped to the Physical Network
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
7
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Physical Network Maps
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
8
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Addressing Maps
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

5
9
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Logical Network Maps & Addressing Maps
K
h
o
a

C
N
T
T

6
0
/
6
4

P
H

M

V

N

T

N
H

1
1
-
2
0
0
5

Cabling
Mounting cable in raceway
Punching wires in Jack
Patch panel Structure of a patch panel
Punch Tools
Cable labels