Chapter #10

GRAPHICS

TYPES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS

•Presentation Graphics
•Free Drawing Graphics
PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
• These graphics techniques represent numeric
data in standard formats. Presentation graphics
can be used to produce visual support for written
reports. Information contain in large reports
taking hours to read as compare to graphics.
Although textual reports are still needed for the
description of data but information presented
through graphics is remembered better than
written explanation.
 FIVE CATEGORIES IN PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

• Pie Chart
• Bar Graphs
• Line Graphs
• Area Graphs
• Symbol Charts
• Bar Graph M O N T H L Y S A L ES
• Bars of different length
help in easy comparison, 8
6
00
00

SALES IN MILLIONS
and it easy to understand 4 00
as compare to textual 2 00
0
data.

N
B
N

R
R

Y
JU
FE
JA

MA
MA
AP
M O N TH S
• Pie Chart R eg io n w is e s ales
SO U T H

• Presents the data as

A FR IC A
A M E R IC A
13%
19%

part relative to whole SO U T H

A SIA
17%

• Shows the NOR T H

A M E R IC A

percentages, E U R OP E
23%

proportions, or ratios
28%

of a total
• Area Graph A G E G R O U P W IS E S A L E S

• Represents volume of
80
data and figures by 60

assigning an area in 40
20
chart 0

• Art publication u n d e r 1 7 1 7 -2 5 2 6 -3 5

AGE GROUP S
3 6 -5 0 o v e r 5 0
• Line Graph P r o d u c t w is e s a le s
• Shows the trends and 400 P ro d A
rate of variation 300
among different 200

values 10 0
0
1 2 3 4 5 P ro d B
ye a r

P ro d C
• BAR GRAPHS
• Provides graphical
comparison of values. It
displays numeric data as
lines or bars of
P o p u la t io n o f P r o v in c e s b y S
in 1 9 8 1 ( in 0 0 0 )
60000

representation lengths. 40000

F e m a le

Population
Scales or marked values 20000 M a le
at the bottom or side of 0
the graphic convey the N .W .F.P . P unj ab

meaning of the graph. P r o v in c e s

The scale at the bottom
of the chart is legend.
• 1.Simple Bar chart
• 2.Stacked Bar Chart
• CREATING PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
• Graphics values converts data values to shapes.
Then it creates the digital patterns to produce
output. Many application packages such as
spreadsheets, statistical packages and database
programs contain features to produce graphic
output to import graphics produced by other
software. Four levels of information to create
good presentation graphics.
• Identify Data
• The software prompts the user for data. For
example if pie chart is requested the software
guide will ask the user for the filename and the
location of the data. If the data has been
previously stored then select file from the data is
needed, the user specifies the fields and records
to be included. By this we get the desired output.
• Identify Type of Graphic
• The user select the type of presentation
graphic needed. The five basic categories
of presentation graphics can be presented
in a variety of formats.
• Two dimensional (2D)
•Three dimensional (3D)
•Rotated
•Combined with other graphics
• Identify Labels
• To clarify the meaning of the graphic,
labels and scales must be added. These
labels can be taken from the data or
entered by the user, the user manually
reset these scales when necessary.
• Create Title and Legend
• To complete the graphic, a title and legend
must be included. A title provides the
general description of the output. Legend
explains the specific meaning of any
symbols, colors or shading. Title and
legend are usually prompted by the
software guide and entered by the user.