Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1
The background
2
Empirical approach: patent counts
3
The Gap
4
Implications of the Gap
5
Closing the Gap
In 1998: 1 in 25 / in 2008: 1 in 5 in EM
1/3 EM patents owned by EM residents
Spectacular growth in patenting in China
6
Monopolistic market structure?
7
O w ne r s hip of fue l c e ll te c hnology pa te nt a pplic a tions
in de ve loping c ountrie s
Res t
Japan
19%
28%
Korea
7%
China
US
21%
25%
8
Ow ne rs hip of s ola r te c hnology pa te nt a pplic a tions
in de ve loping c ountrie s
Res t
Korea 10%
10% China
38%
US
13%
Japan
29%
9
Conclusions
Patents are hardly used in low-income countries
Economic factors explain low technology transfer
Use economic instruments to address this
10