100%(2)100% нашли этот документ полезным (2 голоса)
74 просмотров21 страница
1. The document discusses different types of clauses that can be used in sentences including independent clauses, dependent clauses, compound sentences, and complex sentences.
2. It provides examples of each type of clause and describes their grammatical patterns and usage, such as independent clauses being able to stand alone as a sentence while dependent clauses require another clause.
3. Conjunctions like coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs are also covered, explaining how they can join two independent clauses or dependent clauses in a sentence.
1. The document discusses different types of clauses that can be used in sentences including independent clauses, dependent clauses, compound sentences, and complex sentences.
2. It provides examples of each type of clause and describes their grammatical patterns and usage, such as independent clauses being able to stand alone as a sentence while dependent clauses require another clause.
3. Conjunctions like coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs are also covered, explaining how they can join two independent clauses or dependent clauses in a sentence.
1. The document discusses different types of clauses that can be used in sentences including independent clauses, dependent clauses, compound sentences, and complex sentences.
2. It provides examples of each type of clause and describes their grammatical patterns and usage, such as independent clauses being able to stand alone as a sentence while dependent clauses require another clause.
3. Conjunctions like coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs are also covered, explaining how they can join two independent clauses or dependent clauses in a sentence.
2. Ardi played football , so Maria S V C S went shopping. V Compound sentence is a sentence which contains at least two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) A clause is defined as a group of related words that has both a subject and a verb. In attempting to identify clauses, they are often contrasted with phrases, which do not have a subject and verb. He was eating a bacon sandwich. S V O
Independent clause is a group of words made up of a subject and a predicate. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. An independent clause by itself.
Every main clause will follow this pattern: SUBJECT + VERB = complete thought. 1. She smiled down on the children. S V 2. I want to be a nurse, but I need to receive my S V S V science degree. 3. I am a doctor, and my wife is a lawyer. S V S V (This is a compound sentence made up of two independent clauses: I am a doctor and my wife is a lawyer.) Dependent Clause(Subordinate) Clause
A dependent (subordinate) clause is part of a sentence; it contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. They can make sense on their own, but, they are dependent on the rest of the sentence for context and meaning.
Every subordinate clause will follow this pattern:
1. Before we came to class SC S V 2. Because my dog loves pizza crusts SC S V
SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION + SUBJECT + VERB = incomplete thought. The important point to remember about subordinate clauses is that they can never stand alone as complete sentences. To complete the thought, you must attach each subordinate clause to a main clause. Generally, the punctuation looks like this:
We studied for the test. We came to class. We studied for the test before we came to class. OR Before we came to class, we studied for the test.
MAIN CLAUSE + + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE + , + MAIN CLAUSE . Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar.
For -> presents a reason He is gambling with his health , for he has been smoking far too long. And -> presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) They gamble, and they smoke. Nor -> presents a non-contrasting negative idea They do not gamble, nor do they smoke. But ->presents a contrast or exception They gamble, but they don't smoke. Or -> presents an alternative item or idea Every day they gamble, or they smoke. Yet -> presents a contrast or exception They gamble, yet they don't smoke. So -> presents a consequence He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.
A conjunctive adverb is an adverb that connects two clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships. Here is the list:
Accordingly, anyway, besides, certainly, elsewhere,finally, further, for instance, for example, however, in addition, instead,likewise, moreover, nevertheless, on the other hand, subsequently,otherwise, perhaps, still, therefore, thus, undoubtedly and etc.
A conjunctive adverb can join two main clauses. In this situation, the conjunctive adverb behaves like a coordinating conjunction, connecting two complete ideas. Every conjunctive adverb will follow this pattern:
Example: 1. You need to concentrate on your studies; otherwise, you will fail the class. 2. We really need to go to the mall; in addition, we should see a movie. 3. I wanted to see a scary movie; however, my friend wanted to see a comedy.
Independent CLAUSE + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + Independent CLAUSE Semicolons are most often used to connect two independent clauses (full sentences) that are related in meaning. Both the words before the semicolon and the words after it must be complete sentences that could be separated with a period. Example: We could go fishing on Saturday ; you could IC SC IC borrow a pole from my neighbour.
Colons are used after independent clauses to point to certain types of words, groups of words, or a series that follows the independent clause. Colons are also used to separate information in specific instances. The recipe calls for a variety of fish : IC colon sardines,anchovies, halibut, and herring.
Compound Sentence or Simple Sentence 1. I haven't seen Ann lately, and I won't see her again until fall. C / S 2. Mr. Holmes listens to the news every night, and then he goes to bed. C / S 3. Helen is going to Spain today and will come home July 25. C / S 4. Will you wait for me, or do you want to go ahead? C / S 5. The children argue and wrangle over every little thing. C / S
Independent or Dependent Clause 6. Eventhough it rained constantly in Victoria. 7. However, we still had time to visit Butchart Gardens. 8. Because we knew how to handle the boat in rough weather. 9. Furthermore, the weather improved along with our disposition. 10. Since our friends had not yet arrived.