Bioetika

Devisi Bioetika dan Humaniora

Medical Education Unit
Fakultas Kedokteran USU
2008
Skm gatra

RELEVANSI RELEVANSI
Sukma Ayus (movie star) case
medical futility, similar with Karen Quinlan case
head-line Warta Kota, 6 Februari 2005
DOKTER

ATTITUDE
SKILL
KNOWLEDGE

5 STARS
DOCTOR
Care provider
Decision Maker
Communicator
Community Leader
Manager
Objektif,

Dokter yang memiliki kompetensi etika :
Attitude; sikap, perilaku, tindakan
Skill; keterampilan manual, keterampilan
intelektual
Knowledge; pengetahuan, pemikiran, konsep
Experience; pengalamam, jam terbang, track
record
Responsibility; tanggung jawab, disiplin
Accountibility; jaminan mutu
a field of study concerned with the ethics and
philosophical implications of certain biological
and medical procedures, technologies,
and treatments, as organ transplants,
genetic engineering, and care of the terminally ill.






Bioethics :
ETIKA KEDOKTERAN
Etika terapan merupakan pedoman dan
rambu-rambu moral bagi perilaku etis dokter
dalam hubungan dengan pasien
(kini dikenal sebagai etika klasik)

Sesudah tahun 1960-an masuk tahap baru
dalam perkembangan nilai-nilai etika medis--
era bioetika sebagai akibat revolusi
bioteknologi dan biomedis---BIOETIKA /
ETIKA BIOMEDIS

Bioethics History
Nama Bioethics untuk pertama kali digunakan oleh
peneliti kanker Amerika
Van Rensselaer Potter, University of Wisconsin.
**bukunya : Bioethics: Bridge to the Future

Ia menekankan tanggung jawab para ahli biologi
dalam menjamin kelangsungan kehidupan di bumi ini
dan dalam menciptakan syarat-syarat untuk
meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan.

Tapi ia belum terjun dalam analisis etika.

Yang melontarkan bioetika sebagai suatu bidang
intelektual dan akademis yang khusus adalah:

(1) Hastings Center (1969)
di Hastings-on-the Hudson, NY., kini: Garrison, NY.

(2) Kennedy Institute (1971)
Georgetown University, Washington D.C.
sponsor: keluarga Kennedy

Globalisasi Bioetika

**Fenomena Amerika ini meluas ke Eropa
Banyak Pusat Bioetika, mis. Barcelona (1975)

**1985: European Association for Centres of Medical
Ethics

**1992: International Association for Bioethics (Peter
Singer ketua pertama)
mengadakan konges setiap dua tahun
Jurnal resmi: Bioethics; sejak 2001 juga:
Developing World Bioethics

Dan Brock, Brown University (1999):
Bioethics concerns the ethical issues arising in
medicine and from advances in biological science.

There are 3 central areas:
1. Relations between health care professionals and
patients
2. Justice in the allocation of health care
3. Issues that arise from dramatic advances in biological
knowledge and technology

* Bioetika adalah perluasan dari etika kedokteran yang
tradisional

Etika kedokteran memfokuskan hubungan dokter-pasien

Tema-tema tradisional tetap penting tapi
sekarang dalam konteks modern:

di satu pihak demokratisasi dan hak-hak pasien (kritik
atas paternalisme)

di lain pihak pelayanan medis yang teknologis dan
anonym (tim medis) + biaya tinggi


Tema-tema yang paling penting berasal
dari perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi
biomedis:

dari definisi baru tentang kematian
sekitar 1967 (brain death)
sampai dengan penelitian embryonic
stem cells dan cloning sekarang ini.

What is bioethics ?
Ethics is the study of morality careful and
systematic reflection on and analysis of moral
decisions and behavior, whether past, present or
future.

Morality is the value dimension of human decision-
making and behavior. The language of morality
includes good or bad, right and wrong, etc.

According this definitions, Ethics is primally a matter
of knowing whereas morality is a matter of doing.
Medical ethics is the branch of ethics that deals with
moral issues in medical practice.

Bioehics can be defined as the study of ethical
issues and decision-making assosiated with the use
of living organism.

Medical ethics focuses primarily on issues arising
out of the practice of medicine, bioethics is a very
broad subject that is concerned with the moral
issues raised by developments in the biological
sciences more generally.

Bioethics is genus and medical ethics is species.


What is bioethics ?
Why study medical ethics ?
Bioethics ( area 7 ) is the basic of all
competencies

The study of ethics prepares medical
students to recognize difficult situations
and to deal with them in a rational and
principled manner.

Whats special about medicine ?
Many physicians feel that they are no
longer as respected as they once were.

To meet the expectation of both
patients and students, it is important
that physicians know and exemplify the
core values of medicine
Whats special about medical
ethics ?
Medical ethics differs from the general
ethics applicable to everyone by being
publicly professed in oath such as the
WMA Declaration of Geneva.
Who decides what is ethical ?
Therefore varies from one society to another
and even within the same society.

I liberal societies, individuals have a great
deal of freedom to decide for themselves
what is ethical.

In more traditional societies, family and clan
elders, religious authorities and political
leaders usually have a greater role than
individuals in determining what is ethical.

In making decisions, it is helpful to know
what other physicians would do in similar
situation
when people bring us their problems,
they are often asking not for solutions
but for understanding