CHAPTER 7: DYNAMIC

Push and pull are types of force.

We cannot see force but we can see the
effects of force.
Activities such as pushing a box, climbing,
riding a bicycle, pulling a rope involve the use
of force.
Force can change the shape, position, speed,
size, stop and direction of the movement of an
object.
Type of force
Not work done
Push a wall
Sit on the chair
Sleep on a bed
Read a book
Stand up
FORCE
TYPE
OF
FORCE
Magnetic
Force
Electro-
static
force
friction
Electrical
Force
Gravitational
Force
MEASURING
FORCE
Spring
Balance
FRICTIONAL
FORCE
Direction Magnitude
WORK
Work =
Force X
Distance
Work =
Power X
Time
Frictional Force (friction)
friction occurs whenever
two surfaces rub against
each other. Friction is a
force that always oppose
motion.


Gravitational Force (gravity)

gravitational force or
gravity is the force of
attraction that pulls
objects towards the
Earth.
The force of gravity
acts equally in all
objects. Thus, in a
vacuum, all objects
whether heavy or light
will fall to the Earth
with the same
velocity(halaju).

Viscosity - kelikatan
Electrostatic Force

produced by charged substances.
Are caused by the presence of static electrical charges.
The electrical charges are produced when two different
objects are rubbed against each other. Like charges
repel while unlike charges attract.
Example, it can attract small pieces of paper, stream of
water flowing from a tap.


Electrical force

Is produced
when electrons
move through
a conductor
placed in a
magnetic field.

electron flows from negative terminal to
the positive terminal

Magnetic force

Are the attractive and
repulsive forces
exerted
by magnets. Like poles
of magnets repel each
other while unlike
poles of magnets
attract each other.

THE MEASUREMENT OF FORCE
The unit of force is measured in Newton (N).
Force is measured using the spring balance.
1 N shown on a spring balance is equal to
nearly 100g. (10N = 1kg)
Example, if


FRICTIONAL FORCE AND ITS
APPLICATION.


A force which slows down moving
objects is called frictional force or
friction.
Frictional force can also be used to start
or stop a motion.
Frictional force acts when two surfaces
come into contact, sliding over each
other.
Friction can at times be useful but in
other instances it an also be a nuisance
(GANGGUAN).
Friction is a force that opposes motion. It
acts in the opposite direction to
movement.
Friction always produces heat.
Friction has direction and magnitude.

How different types of surface affect
frictional force.

Friction has magnitude and direction.
Magnitude depend on:
1. Nature surface smooth or rough
2. Weight light or heavy
3. Surface area not influenced magnitude of
force. (big or small)
Different types of surfaces affect the magnitude
of frictional force.
Rough surfaces have more friction than smooth.



Perlis 2012
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages of friction (friction is useful)
Friction plays an important role in our daily activities.
Friction between a piece of rough metal and a flint produces sparks.
These sparks ignite the gas in a lighter.
Friction enables the mechanical belt in car engines and machines to
turn engine parts. This moves the vehicle and machines.

Disadvantages of friction (friction is a nuisance).
Friction produces heat. For example, machine parts that move
produce heat. This heat can damage certain parts of the machines if
the machine is not carefully controlled.
Friction opposes and slows down movement. For examples ridding a
bicycle up a slope or paddling a boat.
Friction wears away materials. For examples, friction wears out the
soles of shoes and the tyres of vehicles.

PMR 10



PMR 2012

FORMULA
Work is done when a force moves an object
through the distance in the direction of the force.

Work (Nm) = Force (N) X Distance (m)
Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
Joule = Newton metre

1 newton-metre (Nm) = 1 joule (J)


test
(20 kg + 10 kg) , 2m
10 n , 1 km (1000m)
30 kg + 20 kg naik tangga 5 anak tangga, tinggi
5 anak tangga ialah 8 m, kira WD
10 m
8 m
15m
20 kg
test
10 m
8 m
15m
20 kg
TRY
WD (Nm) = force (N) x distance (m)
= (40kg + 5 kg ) x 10N x 4m
= (45 kg x 10N) x 4 m
= 450 N x 4 m
= 1800 Nm
= 1800 J
Power is the rate of doing work, that is
the work done in one second (or the
energy used per second).

Check ?
Selangor 2011


TEST 1
45 kg
10 m
8 m 7 m
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s
TEST 2
45 kg
10 m
20 cm
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s

20 cm
20 cm
20 cm
8 m
TEST 3
45 kg
10 m
20 cm
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 minute
20 cm
20 cm
20 cm
8 m
20 cm
Test 4
10 m
45 kg
5 m
7 m
12 m
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s

Test 5
10 m
45 kg
5 m
7 m
12 m
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s

10 kg
Test 5
10 m
45 kg
5 m
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s

10 kg
Test 6
45 kg
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s

wall
Ali tolak dinding
Test 7
45 kg
a. Calculate work done?
b. Calculate Power if time taken is 5 s

wall
5 m
Siti panjat dinding setinggi 5 m. Kira kerja yang
Dilakukan?

The chart below shows situations when work is done
and when work is not done.

work
Work Done
Pushing a wheelbarrow
Climbing the stairs/ladder
Throwing a ball upwards
Brushing teeth
Work not done
Sitting on a chair
Standing on a ladder
Sleeping on a bed
swimming
Moment of force
Moment of force - turning effect of a force.

Moment of force (Nm) = perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the force (m) X force (N)

To increase the moment of force
1. Increase the perpendicular distance
2. Increase the magnitude of applied force



Moment of force (Nm) = perpendicular distance from the fulcrum to the force (m) x force (N)
Moment either clockwise or anticlockwise
a. Tightening a nut (clockwise )
Perpendicular distance = 15 cm = 0.15 m
The moment of force = 20 N x 0.15 m = 3 Nm
b. Loosening a nut (anticlockwise )
Perpendicular distance = 15 cm = 0.15 m
The moment of force = 20 N x 0.15 m = 3 Nm
N 9 2011





Penutup
2. Tasbih Kifarah.

1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr