PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

Refining
Exploration
Production
Marketing
A Fully-Integrated Oil Company
Getting Raw Oil
& Gas to
the Refinery
Getting Refined
Products to
the Consumers
Refinery




The Definitions of "Upstream" and "Downstream" in the
Production
Upstream" and "downstream" are business terms applicable to the
production processes that exist within several industries. Industries that
commonly use this terminology include the metals industry, oil, gas,
biopharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Upstream, downstream and
midstream make up the stages of the production process for these and other
industries.
Upstream (petroleum industry)
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors:
upstream,
midstream
downstream
The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the exploration and
production (E&P) sector
The upstream sector includes the searching for potential underground or
underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling of exploratory wells, and
subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude
oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.








)


crude oil and
The marketing and distribution of products derived from crude
oil and natural gas. processing and purifying of raw natural gas .
The downstream sector touches consumers through products
such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel
oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquified petroleum gas
(LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Downstream (petroleum
industry )
The downstream sector commonly refers to the refining of
petroleum









Midstream

The midstream sector involves the transportation (by pipeline,
rail, barge, or truck), storage, and wholesale marketing of crude or
refined petroleum products.
Pipelines and other transport systems can be used to move
crude oil from production sites to refineries and deliver the various
refined products to downstream distributors





Contents
Introduction
Reservoir
Well
Separator
Pump
Gas Compressor
Pipelines
Safety Control System
Unit Systems

Petroleum Production System
Introduction
The role of a production engineer is to
maximize oil and gas production in a cost-
effective manner.
Familiarization and understanding of oil and
gas production systems are essential to the
engineers.
A complete oil or gas production system
consists of a reservoir, well, flow line,
separators, pumps, and transportation
pipelines.
Reservoir
Supplies wellbore with crude oil or gas.
Well
provides a path for the production fluid to
flow from bottom hole to surface and offers a
means to control the fluid production rate.
Flow line leads the produced fluid to
separators.
Separators The separators remove gas and
water from the crude oil.
Pumps and compressors are used to transport
oil and gas through pipelines to sales points.

petroleum production system
Reservoir
Reservoir
Wellbore
Wellhead
Separator
Gas
Water
Oil
Pwf P Pe
Hydrocarbon accumulations in geological traps can be
classified
reservoir, field, and pool
Reservoir:
A reservoir is a porous and permeable underground
formation containing an individual bank of hydrocarbons
confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is
characterized by a single natural pressure system.
Field:
A field is an area that consists of one or more reservoirs all
related to the same structural feature
Pool
Apool contains one or more reservoirs in isolated
structures.


PRODUCTION ENGINEERING