The way to a personal wireless freedom..

Team Work

Ahmed Rabie

Amr Medhat

Mohammed Khalifa

Sameh Serag

Agenda
Wireless Technologies
History of Bluetooth

Bluetooth Features
How it works
Bluetooth versus Wi-Fi

Some Bluetooth enabled products
Introduction

Its not a blue tooth decay

Nor Something like sawtooth

Its a new technology in
wireless Networking

WHAT IS BLUETOOTH?
Why Wireless?
Not Just Welfare or
liberation from cables.
Do you see this cable
spaghetti?
Can you setup it easily?
Can you trace problems with
it?
Bluetooth says: Goodbye
cables
Wireless Networking

WWAN (wireless wide area network )

WLAN (wireless local area network )

PAN (personal area network )
The Need of Standards
Devices in a N/W talk to each other
They need a language to talk
Physical agreement
If wires: number of it (1,8,25..) Serial/Parallel
If wireless: Radio Signals or Infrared
Protocol agreement
What the bits mean
commands intended for a device seem
gibberish if received by another.


Wireless standards
WAP
IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
HomeRF Shared Wireless Access Protocol
(SWAP)
IEEE 802.11a (Wi-Fi5 )
IEEE 802.11b (WI-FI)
IEEE 802.11g
Bluetooth
IrDA
Like TV remote control
Reliable (no interference)
Cheap
But.
It is a "line of sight" technology.
a "one to one" technology.
So.
The trend was towards radio technology
Bluetooth says: Goodbye Infrared
History of Bluetooth
Developed by Ericsson in 1994
In 1997 Ericsson invited IBM, Intel,
Nokia and Toshiba to work on
Bluetooth
Bluetooth Special Interest Group
(SIG) began in 1998
The Bluetooth v1.1 specification
ratified in November 2000
9 Promoters
5 Founders
4 Y2K Additions
And over 2000 additional SIG members
SIG members
Who Is Bluetooth?
Harald Bltand or Bluetooth
King of Denmark 940-981
He "united" Denmark and Norway.
Bluetooth means dark complexion
he had very dark hair, which was
unusual.
Bluetooth Technology
Created in Sweden 1994 by Ericsson
Ericsson has now chosen to erect a
modern runic stone to the memory
of Harald Bluetooth.

So, Why this name?

Indicates how important
Scandinavian companies are to
the communications industry.
Bluetooth unifies many
dissimilar devices from different
manufacturers.
Ericsson is not only making
history, but celebrating it, too.
Bluetooth Features
short-range
low power
low-cost
replace point-to-point cables
ad hoc networking
Automatic (You don't have to
think about it. )

How Does Bluetooth Work?
Initially

Standby (wait!!)-low power state
D
A
E
B
C
F
K
J
H
G
I
M
N
L
P
O
Q
Electronic conversation
D
A

What ?...Discovering in-range devices (radio waves !)
How ?...Exchanging signals via addresses (remember LPT)

10 meters
H
M
N
L
P
O
Q
B
C
F
K
J
G
I
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H
Note that a device can
be Undiscoverable
D
E
F
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Creating a Piconet
Acknowledgement
Master (A)/Slave (B) NetworkPiconet
point to point
Note: A & B consume power
C
M
N
L
P
O
Q
B B
A A
10 meters
D
Expanding a Piconet (1)
What..? 1 Master can attach up to 7 Active
Slaves
Point-to-multipoint
H
B
C
M
N
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P
O
Q
E
F
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K K
A
10 meters
What?
Why..?
Saving
power
and/or
connectin
g to more
devices
How..?
Standby
VS.
Parking


B B
J J
D
H
K
F
I
E
G
Parking
C
M
N
L
P
O
Q
A
10 meters
D
K
F
I
E
G
Expanding a Piconet (2)
Adding new devices after parking others
B
J
M
N
L
P
O
Q
H
C
H
C
A
10 meters
J
F
I
E
A
G
Scatternets
D
M
O
What..? Bluetooth devices can participate in
multiple Piconets simultaneously creating a
topologies called Scatternets
How?Time Multiplexing Time sharing
B
L
H
K
C
N
P
Q
N
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C
Advanced Scatternets
D
M
O
Scatternets can evolve into extremely
complex structures creating a rich fabric
of many, many, devices
P
Q
B
L
Real world Example

Printer
Laptop
Laptop
Mouse
Mobile Phone
Headset
LAN
Access Point
Challenges
1- Miss of technology:
1994 :Ericsson 1
st
thought
1997 :Intel gave a hand
1999 :Overcoming tech. Challenges
2000 :Bluetooth in markets
Technical Challenges
2-Interference:
Due to other devices:
low power(1milliwatt vs. 3 watts for
cellular phones), weak but pass through
walls!
Due to near Piconets:
Spread Spectrum Frequency
Hopping
Due to random noise (long distances):
Forward Error Correction

Spread Spectrum Frequency
Hopping (SSFH)
Changing frequency -randomly- of the
master between 240-248 GHz
Each change after sending a packet
1600 times per second !!!
Even if interference happens , for
milliseconds and with no ill impact
Conclusion :no 2 masters would've the
same frequency
Other Challenges
3-Security
128-bit encryption for data and
voice
Competition :
Bluetooth VS. WiFi
Bluetooth 802.11b 802.11a
Frequency Band 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 5GHz
Technology Frequency Hopping
Spread Spectrum
Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum
Orthogonal Freq.
Division Multiplexing
Performance 720Kbps 11Mbps ~50Mbps
Range <10 meters 100 meters ?
Power Very Low Medium Medium High?
Relative Cost Low/ Very Low Medium High
Target Applications Cable Replacement
Wireless Data
Wireless Voice
Personal Networks
Wireless Data Wireless Data
Fixed N/W Support PPP, Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Key Features Very Low Power
Voice and Data
Roaming
Low Cost
Good noise immunity
Good Performance High Performance
Promoters 2000+ ~100 ~100
Regional Support Worldwide US/Asia US
Technology
Bluetooth Vs. WiFi
Summary of comparison
They are too similar (wireless - freq.
etc.)
WiFi :speed (higher) , promotion
(higher especially in USA)
Bluetooth : speed is very sufficient -
more secure more ease of use
higher immunity to noise-less size
stable performance

PDA
Cell Phone
Bluetooth in the Home
No Wires
Cordless Phone
Base Station
xDSL
Access Point
Inkjet
Printer
Scanner
Home Audio System
Computer
Digital Camera
MP3
Player
And On the Road
Car Audio System
Pay Phone
& Access Point
Hotel Phone
& Access Point
Headset
MP3
Player
PDA
Cell Phone
Laptop
Bluetooth Enabled Products
Toshiba Portable 5GB Hard Drive
Products 2
Ericsson Bluetooth Headset
Products 2
Motorola's first Bluetooth-capable phone
Products 2
The Ericsson Bluetooth Development Kit