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Fire fighting
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FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION
TO INITIATE AND MAINTAIN THIS CHEMICAL
REACTION, THREE REQUIREMENTS ARE
ESSENTIAL
FUEL - A COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE EITHER
SOLID, LIGUID OR GAS
OXYGEN -USUALLY AIR WHICH CONTAINS ,
APPROX.21% OXYGEN
HEAT- REQUIRED HEAT. IT VARIES FROM
MATERIAL TO MATERIAL.
FUEL, OXYGEN, HEAT
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OXYGEN
London
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The Combustion Process
The Combustion Process
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
TEMPERATURE
O
X
Y
G
E
N
C
H
A
I
N
R
E
A
C
T
I
O
N
Room_Flashover_Videos.wmv
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wood
cloth
paper
rubber
many plastics
gasoline
oil
grease
tar
oil-based paint
lacquer

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GASES SUCH AS
LPG, C2H2, H2 &
CH4

METALS SUCH AS
Mg, Al, Zn, Na, K, P,
Titanium & Zirconium
D
COMBUSTIBLE METALS
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Fire Classes (cont.)
Fire Classes (cont.)
K Cooking Media
Recently recognized by NFPA 10.
Fires involving combustible
vegetable or animal non-
saturated cooking fats in
commercial cooking equipment.
CLASS K FIRES
CLASS K FIRES
BUT A BAD
MASTER
O2
Fuel
COOLING
Frog.exe
FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF
THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN
FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE
COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT &
OXYGEN
FUEL
BLANKETING
HEAT
kitchen fire.wmv
O2
Heat
STARVATION
FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF
THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN
Water type extinguishers
have water as
extinguishing agent
which is released in the
form of jet by means of
gas pressure.
Water expelling type fire
extinguishers are used
for class A fire .
To operate remove the
Safety clip and strike the
plunger. Direct the jet
emerging from the
nozzle at the base of
fire.



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Water expelling type fire extinguishers should not used for
electrical fires.
Discharge range - 6 Mts ; Duration - 120 seconds

frog
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment

Foam solutions are
electrically conductive ,
therefore are not
recommended for use on
electrical fire.
Do not direct the jet directly
into the burning liquid
because it may splash
burning liquid on to the
surroundings and spread
the fire.
Discharge range -
6 Mts
Duration - 60
seconds for 9 litres

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C Electrical Equipent
C Electment
Combustible metals
Electrical
DCP extinguishers are
suitable for tackling
Petroleum fires, gas fires and
fires in electrical equipment.
To operate the extinguishers,
remove the safety clip,hold
the discharge hose firmly and
strike the knob and direct the
jet at the base of the fire with
side to side sweeping
motion.
For fighting class D metal
fires special DCP containing
mixture of Na, K, and Barium
can be used.
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While operating Dry Chemical
Powder type Extinguishers on the
open area fires, direct the powder
from the opposite side of the wind
direction.
This is one time operation
can not be stopped
intermittently
It is not effective for class
A fires, because there is no
cooling effect.
Discharge range - 2 metres
Discharge duration - 30
sec.
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sithl
To operate remove the
locking pin and unscrew
the valve in anti-
clockwise direction and
direct the gas at the base
of the fire.
Co2 is effective as an
extinguishing agent
because it reduces the
oxygen content of air.
CO2 are used to putting
out fire in oils,
petroleum products,
gaseous substances


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Being a gas it can penetrate
and spread to all areas affected
by fire. CO2 is a non
contaminating media, hence
very suitable for sophisticated
equipment like computer.
CO2 extinguishers are not to be
used in fires involving reactive
metals like Na, K and Mg.
Hold the discharge horn only in
the insulated hand grip area to
avoid cold bite.
CO2 is a asphyxiant. So take care
while using in confined area
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A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
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TYPE SUITABILITY
WATER TYPE
A
FOAM
B
DCP
B
C

B
C
CO2
SPECIAL DCP
D



Stop, drop & roll
Immerse the burned area in water
or apply clean wet cloths to areas
that can't be immersed. Don't use
ice or ice water.
Dont apply oil, Ghee, Ink or lotion
Cut away loose clothing around a
burned area, but don't try to remove
clothing that is stuck to the burn
For chemical burns, carefully
remove contaminated clothing and
flush the affected area for 15
minutes
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Fire Spreads in Minutes
Smoke Kills in second
The seriousness of the injury caused by a burn depends
on the degree of the burn.

First-degree burns are superficial. Only the top layer of skin is
affected. First-degree burns usually heal in a few days.

Second-degree burns are more serious. Additional layers of
skin are affected.Swelling occurs, and blisters can open and
get infected. Second-degree burns are quite painful and can
take several weeks to heal completely.

Third-degree burns are very severe injuries. These burns
destroy all layers of skin in the affected area as well as muscle
and nerve tissue under the skin. Infection is a potential threat
that can make the situation even worse and can take long time
to heal completely.

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AVVAI
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Systems and case Ion
plating departments are
provided with fire alarm
system.
The fire alarm system
consists of two type of
detectors viz heat
detectors and smoke
detectors
The system will
automatically detect
any fire and alert the
concerned by means of
alarm.
The Fire hydrant system
consists of 57 single
hydrant and 4 double
hydrants in a ring main
system.
4 hose stations with 10
nozzles and 10 hoses of
15 metres length in
each station.
19 fire hose cabinets
with 2 hoses in each
cabinet.
14 Fire hose reels with
30 metres long rubber
hoses.
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The line pressure is
maintained between 80
to 100 psi by means of
a jockey pump.
The main electrical
pump starts at 55 psi
and pumps 2240 LPM
DG pump starts at 35
psi and pumps 2240
LPM
There are 2 fire
hydrant sumps each
having 100 KL capacity
at all time.
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Fire Hose.wmv
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EMPLOYEES
Dial
555
333
EAP
SECURITY
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Fight fire aggressively, but provide for safety first
Initiate all action based on current and expected fire
behaviour
Recognize current weather condition and obtain forecast
Ensure instructions are given and understood
Obtain current information on fire status
Remain in communication with crew members, supervisors
and other forces
Determine Safety zones and escape routes
Establish cordoning in potentially hazardous areas
Retain control of yourself and your crew at all times
Stay alert, keep calm, think clearly and act decisively
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Three basic requirement must exist :

Fuel- in the form of gas, vapor or dust

An oxidizer usually the oxygen in the air

An ignition source

HSE Alert 154 06 - Propane
Explosion(2).wmv
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Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off
enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the
surface of the liquid.

It is the primary measurement used in classifying liquids. This
concept divides liquids that will burn into three categories.
Liquids with flashpoints below 37.8C are called Class I liquids

37.8C (100F) to 60C (140F) known as Class II liquids.

Above 60C are known as Class III liquids
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To form a potentially explosive atmosphere
the mixture of fuel and oxidizer must be
within a particular concentration range
known as an explosive limit.

For example, gasoline vapors mixed with air
will propagate flame between 1.4 and 7.6
percent by volume of gasoline at 21C (70F)
and atmospheric pressure.
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Concentrations below the lower explosive limit
(LEL) are too lean to burn, while those above
the upper explosive limit (UEL) are too rich.
Anything in between might ignite or explode
when an ignition source is present.
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Specific gravity & Vapor density
Specific gravity is important in fire prevention planning.
Vapor density is another characteristic that must be
recognized when establishing standards and procedures
for the storage of flammable liquids.

The vapor density of gasoline is 3.4, indicating that
these vapors will settle to the floor, seek low pockets and
accumulate.

Almost all flammable liquid vapors have a vapor density
greater than 1 and behave in a similar way.

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Electrical sparks or arcs
Flames
Static electricity
Chemical reactions
Mechanical friction
Compression Ignition
Non intrinsically-safe Pagers,
cell phones,
electric power tools,
portable generators,
welding operations and smoking..
Cholamandalam.pps
Gasoli_1.wmv
Shell cell.wmv
Elect.wmv
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Hazard assessment prior to beginning any task

Exercise caution when working outdoors. Shifts in
wind direction can introduce gas into areas previously
determined to be safe.

Conduct an explosive limit test. Follow hot work
permit systems

Explosive atmospheres often exist in confined space
follow proper entry procedures . Explosive limits,
particularly in confined spaces, can change quickly
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Controlling flammable liquids begins with containment. The
safe handling and storage of flammables demands specific
practices as well as specially designed equipment.

Flammable liquid storage cabinets & Safety cans UL and
FM
Super heating

Unexpected

Your safety is ultimate
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S POT THE DANGER
A LERT OTHERS
F IND THE CAUSE
E XAMINE THE ALTERNATIVES
T AKE NECESSARY ACTION
Y OU ARE SAFE
Safety Management