TONSILS

Presented by:

Noor Ul Huda
Ameena Azeemi
Khizra Imran

What Are Tonsils?
Incompletely encapsulated aggregates of
lymphoid tissue
Free surface covered by mucosal
epithelium
Arranged in the form of ring
(Waldeyers Ring)


Types
Palatine Tonsils
Pharyngeal Tonsils
Lingual Tonsils
Waldeyers Ring
A ring of lymphatic tissue formed by
the two palatine tonsils, the
pharyngeal tonsil, the lingual tonsil,
and intervening lymphoid tissue
Lingual Tonsils
Location: Root of tongue
(Posterior and lateral )

Histological Structure
Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized
Epithelium
Crypt(s)
Lymphatic nodules with germinal centres










A. Lymphoid nodules
B. Primary crypt
C. Mucous glands
D. Connective tissue capsule
Normal Function
Assist the Immune System in the
production of antibodies in response to
invading bacteria or viruses
Tonsillitis
Swollen tonsils- easily visible at the back
of tongue

Symptoms:
-Very painful swelling
-Sore throat
-Fever
Tonsillectomy
If tonsils are
-repeatedly swollen
-infected over an extended period of time
-enlarged (causing sleep apnea)

Palatine tonsils

Ameena Azeemi
Roll # 17

Histology
Each tonsil has 1020 epithelial crypts, which is also lined
by stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium. Lumens
contains live and dead lymphocytes, and bacteria. Separating
the lymphoid tissue from subjacent structures is a band of
dense connective tissue(capsule) that act as a barrier against
spreading tonsil infections.
Location: Lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx.

They are lined with stratified squamous non
keratinized epithelium. The lymphoid tissue in these
tonsils forms a band that contains free lymphocytes and
lymphoid nodules, generally with germinal centers.


Lymph nodules
Tonsillar crypt
Stratified squamous non
keratinized epithelium
They, along with the pharyngeal
tonsils (adenoids) and lingual tonsils,
form a ring at the entrance to the
oropharynx (Waldeyers ring).
Structurally, the tonsils contain
numerous lymphatic nodules located in
the mucosa. The tonsils guard the
opening of the pharynx, the common
entry to the respiratory and digestive
tracts.
B cells can mature to produce all the
five major Immunoglobulin (Ig
antibody) classes.
Diseases associated with palatine
tonsil
Acute tonsillitis
- most common manifestation of tonsillar
disease.
- It is associated with sore throat, fever, and
difficulty in swallowing. The tonsils may
appear normal sized or enlarged
Tonsillar hypertrophy
Tonsillar hypertrophy is the enlargement of the
tonsils, but without the history of inflammation.
These patients present with varying degrees of
disturbed sleep which may include symptoms of
loud snoring, irregular breathing, nocturnal
choking and coughing.


PHARYNGEAL TONSIL
CONDITION
LOCATION
HISTOLOGY
CLINICAL





KHIZRA IMRAN

Pharyngeal Tonsil:
Located in the postero-superior wall of the
nasopharynx
SURFACE MARKING
HISTOLOGY
It is lined by
CILIATED PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
epithelium with GOBLET CELLS

It has NO crypts

The epithelium shows longitudinal folds called
PLEATS (widened ducts of underlying glands)

ENCAPSULATED by FIBROUS Connective
Tissue



LYMPHATICS
Contains AFFERENT and EFFERENT
lymphatic vessels

Contains lymphoid tissue with embedded
LYMPHATIC NODULES


CLINICAL:
ADENOIDS
ADENOID
HYPERTROPHIED in children,
ATROPHIED in adults

Inflammation can result in obstruction of the
respiratory system,
Troubled breathing,

May lead to ear infections when the
adenoids swell enough to block drainage
from the middle ear (the Eustachian tubes).

Proper drainage of the sinuses may be
restricted as well