Developing Young

Learners' Multiple
Intelligence

An intelligence is the ability
to solve problems,
or to create products,
that are valued within
one or more cultural settings.

Howard Gardner
What are learning styles?

Visual Learners:
learn through seeing... .
These learners need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression
to fully understand the content of a lesson. They tend to prefer sitting at the
front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions (e.g. people's heads). They
may think in pictures and learn best from visual displays including: diagrams,
illustrated text books, overhead transparencies, videos, flipcharts and hand-
outs. During a lecture or classroom discussion, visual learners often prefer to
take detailed notes to absorb the information.

Auditory Learners:
learn through listening...
They learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through
and listening to what others have to say. Auditory learners interpret the
underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed
and other nuances. Written information may have little meaning until it is
heard. These learners often benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape
recorder.

Kinesthetic Learners:
learn through , moving, doing and touching...
Tactile/Kinesthetic persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively
exploring the physical world around them. They may find it hard to sit still for
long periods and may become distracted by their need for activity and
exploration.
Teachers want to know

a) how to give each child the best learning
environment,
(b) if all children can learn the same
things.
Howard Gardners Theory of
Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic,
Spatial (Visual),
Logical/Mathematical,
Interpersonal,
Intrapersonal,
Bodily-Kinesthetic,
Musical. 1993
Gardner (1999 )
each person has a unique "cognitive profile"; that is,

a) all human possess all different intelligences in varying
amounts;
b) Each individual has a different composition;
c) Different intelligences are located in different areas of
the brain and can either work independently or together;
d) By applying Multiple Intelligences we can improve
education;
e) These intelligences may define human species.
Multiple Intelligences
linguistic intelligence
logical-mathematical intelligence
visual-spatial intelligence
bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence
musical intelligence
interpersonal intelligence
intrapersonal intelligence
naturalist intelligence
existential intelligence
Types of Intelligences after
Gardner (1999)
Types of Intelligences
Multiple Intelligences Domain
Multiple Intelligences

1. Linguistic Intelligence
(word smart or book smart)
This intelligence involves the knowing
which comes through language; through
reading, writing, and speaking

lawyers,
public speakers
writers,
poets


2 Mathematical-Logical
Intelligence
(math smart or logic smart)
Gardner described logical/mathematical
intelligence as the ability to study
problems, to carry out mathematical
operations logically and analytically, and to
conduct scientific investigations.
mathematicians,
logicians,
scientists























7. Naturalist Intelligence
(nature smart or environment
smart)
hunters,
farmers
gardeners
artists,
poets
social scientists,






9. Existential Intelligence
Gardner (1999) considered existential
intelligence as the intelligence of
understanding in a large context or big
picture
It is the capacity to tackle deep questions
about human existence, such as the
meaning of life, why we die, what my role
is in the world








Multiple Intelligences
Guess.
Activities for each Type of Intelligence

linguistic intelligence -word building games
logical-mathematical intelligence -logical-sequential
presentations
visual-spatial intelligence -mind maps
bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence- intelligence relaxation
exercises
musical intelligence- jazz chants
intrapersonal intelligence- learner diaries
interpersonal intelligence- brainstorming
naturalist intelligence-background music in the form of
sounds created in the natural world
Set of instructions for teachers
Categorise classroom activities according
to intelligence types
Combine language skills activities and
intelligence types
Suggest language skills activities for
different intelligence types
Identify the Multiple Intelligence profile of a
foreign-language workbook
Conclusions:
Multiple Intelligences are used as strategy for Teaching English as a foreign
language.

According to the structure there are nine intelligences
linguistic intelligence
logical-mathematical intelligence
visual-spatial intelligence
bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence
musical intelligence
interpersonal intelligence
intrapersonal intelligence
naturalist intelligence
existential intelligence

Every person is a unique blend of dynamic intelligences and intelligences vary
in development, both within and among individuals ; a pure intelligence is
rarely seen.

Every person deserve opportunities to recognize and develop the multiplicity
of intelligences.

The use of one of the intelligences can be used to enhance another intelligence.

All intelligences provide alternate resources and potential capacities to become
more human, regardless of age or circumstance.