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SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION/LEARNING
English Methodology II
Mg Roxanna Correa P.
2009
SLA depends on many factors some
pertaining to :
 The learner
 Learning situation
Learner/ Learning situation

 Differentlearners in different situations


learn a L2 in different ways.(Ellis, 2008,
p 4)
SLA versus FLA

 SLA research has tended to follow in the


footsteps of L1 acquisition research.
 SLA is not intended to contrast with
foreign language acquisition
Acquisition / Learning

 Acquisitionrefers to “picking up” a SL


through exposure whereas the term
Learning is used to refer to the
consciuos study of a SL.
Acquisition / Learning

 SLA refers to the subconcious or


concious processes by which a
language other than the mother tongue
is learnt in a natural way or tutored
setting (Ellis, 2008, p 6)
 Krashen(1981) formulated the following
hypothesis . He argued the there are
two mental processes operating in
SLA: Conscious Learning (CL) and
Subconscious Acquisition (SA).
 CL focuses on grammatical rules,
enabling the learner to memorize rules
and to identify instances of rule violation.
 SA faclitates the acquistion of rules at a
subconscious level.
 What was new and radical was
Krashen’s assertion that these
processes were totally separate; that is ;
learning could not become acquisition
 A very important point that also needs
to be stated is that learning does not
“run into” acquisition ( Krashen, 1982:p
83)
Key concepts/factors in SLA
Linguistic enviroment in which
 1.Situational factors the learning takes place: Naturalistic
or classroom SLA enviroment

 2. Input The extent to which the input determines the process


of SLA. Can we adapt the input to the learners?

 3. Learner differences
Age, aptitude, intelligence, motivation, needs
personality, cognitive style, attitude…
 4. Learner processes
They maybe metacognitive, cognitive, affective
or linguistic

 5. Linguistic output
The learners use their knowledge of the L2 in predictable
ways, but not in the same way in every context.
Differences between L1 and L2 acquisition
Ellis 94 (based on Bley-Vroman 1988)

 Vivian Cook
References

 Cook, V.J., Long, J., & McDonough, S. (1979), ‘First


and second language learning’, in G.E. Perren (ed.)
The Mother Tongue and Other Languages in Education,
CILTR, 7-22

 Ellis, R. ( 2008) Understanding Second Language


Acquisiton, Oxford University Press.

 Nunan, D. (1999). Second Language Teaching and


Learning. Boston: Heinle and Heinle Publishers.

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