Zyra Binalla

And you shall know the truth,

and the truth shall make you
free

John 8:32

WHAT IS THE TRUTH?
THE TRUTH IS
We are all LIARS!
Basis: (Romans 3:10)-As it is written: there is
none righteous, no, not one.

A world that full of lies
Basis: (1 John 2:16)-For all that is in the world-the
lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of
life-is not of the Father but is of the world.

Liars are best actors & actresses
Basis: (Matthew 15:19 )-For out of the heart
proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries,
fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies.

DID YOU KNOW THAT


Studies said that a person starts
lying at the of age of 6 months
old baby?
LIES

Lies as defined by
Webster dictionary is a
false statement made with
intent to deceive.



Deception an illusion or
fraud; a deceiving or being
deceived.


KNOWN METHODS
The ff. are the known methods of
deception detection:

A. Ancient Method
B. Observation Method
C. Regular Police Method
D. Hypnotism
E. Word- Association Test
F. Truth-Serum Test/ Intoxication
G. Polygraph Test Technique
A. ANCIENT METHOD
Ordeal a severe test
of character or endurance;
a trying course of
experience.
Medieval form of judicial
trial.
Accused was subject to
physical tests.
Result is being considered
a divine judgment of guilt or
innocence.
Latin Dei Indicum-
Miraculous Decision
1. RED-HOT IRON ORDEAL
Done by placing hot iron
onto the tongue of
suspects.

Guilt is established when
tongue gets burn or
blister.

Basis: Salivary Secretion-
if tongue is dry, suspect is
guilty as dryness is a sign
of nervousness.

2. ORDEAL OF THE BALANCE
By balancing of stick on the
lever;

Or by balancing through
walking on rods or ropes.

Basis: Body incoherence or
failure to balance is
indicative of guilt due to
trembling and fear reaction.
3. BOILING WATER ORDEAL
Done by plunging the
suspects feet into a giant
pot full of boiling water.

Basis: Sweating of body
enhances blisters and
burns;

If suspects gets burned, he
is guilty, as guilt is indicated
due to sweating and
nervousness.
4. WATER TEST ORDEAL
Staying in the water for
several suns & moons.

Basis: Fear reaction wears
down body resistance due to
nervousness and guilt
therefore is noted.
5. THE SMELL-OUT TECHNIQUE
An African Method
Through smelling-out of
odors.
Basis: Sweating causes
body odor ;
And guilt is determined
when foul odor is exhibited
due to extreme fear and
nervousness.
6. THE SACRED ASS ORDEAL
Practiced by Hindus of India
A cow or an ass is secretly
placed inside a closed & very
dark room,
Suspects are told to enter the
said room one at a time to
touch the tail of the cow;
If the cow would make a loud
sound, then said suspect is
deemed guilty.
Basis: Un-blackened hand is a
sign of guilt, merely
psychological.
7. OTHER KNOWN COMMON PRACTICES:




Palm
Reading




Rice
Chewing




Card
Reading




Spirit of
the Glass
AYUR- VEDA
Hindu book of Health
and Science

Earliest known reference
of the methods for
detecting deception

Basis of the invention of
Polygraph Machine

Traditional way, not
scientific.
DID YOU KNOW THAT

Rice Chewing was first used in
India 2000 years ago?
B. THE OBSERVATION METHODS:
Observation method is
divided into three
classes.
First is through facial
expressions,
Second is through
postural reactions;
Last is through cause and
effect process.
THROUGH FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Blushing, pailing, or profuse sweating of
forehead.
Dilation of the eyes, protrusion of eyeballs &
elevation of upper eyelids.
Squinting of the eyes.
Twitching of the lips.
Excessive winking of eyes.
Failure to look the inquirer straight .
Excessive activity of the Adams apple & the
vein at the temple due to dryness of throat &
mouth.


Quivering of nose or nostrils.
A peculiar monotone of the voice.
A forced laugh.
Rolling of eyeballs from one direction to
another.
THROUGH POSTURAL REACTIONS:
Fidgeting, tapping, or drumming of fingers.

Swinging of legs, or of one leg over the other.

Unnecessary movements of hands & feet.

Pulsation of the carotid artery in the neck.

Incoherence, trembling & swearing of the whole
body.
THROUGH CAUSE & EFFECT PROCESS:
Stimulus Reaction Test




Stimulus Response Test
C. REGULAR POLICE METHODS
The five wives & one husband
3 Is
Information Gathering
Investigation
Instrumentation (Criminalistics or Police Science )
Medico-Legal
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic Photography
Forensic Ballistics
Questioned Document Examination
Dactyloscopy
Police Communication
Polygraphy



INTERVIEW VS. INTERROGATION
ADMISSION VS. CONFESSION
DID YOU KNOW THAT
A very good liar & a
habitual liar is called
Pathological Liar?
D. HYPNOTISM METHOD (1778)
Franz Anton Mesmer- an
Austrian Mystic & Physician.
Born on May 23, 1974 at
Iznang.
First to introduce hypnotism
as a method of deception
detection.
Believed in animal
magnetism.
In this case, conscious
cooperation by the subject is
a must.
HYPNOTISM
The basis of hypnotism
is through the
recovered memory by
the use of increased
dissociated functions,
hyper-amnesia, & at
times regressive and
par regressive
experiences.
DID YOU KNOW THAT
Franz Anton Mesmer
left Vienna for Paris
because of suspicions
and jealousy?
E. WORD-ASSOCIATION TEST METHOD
(1879)
Sir Francis Galton (1822-
1911)

An English Scientist Explorer
& Anthropometries

Born on Feb. 16,1822 at
Spark brook Birmingham,
London.


Dr. Carl Gustav Jung (1875-
1961)

A Swiss Psychologist,
Psychiatrist & Founder of the
Analytical Psychology.

Born on July 26, 1875 at
Basel, Switzerland.

Developed Galtons works &
experiments.
Subject is given a long list of
stimulus words, objects &
pictures mixed with irrelevant
words, pictures & objects.
Respond to the very first word
that may come to subjects mind.
Dr. Jung observed that thinking
reactions were linked into
emotional habit of the subject.
Theory behind- one word or idea
is reflective of another word or
idea and the expression of their
association forms a meaningful
picture.
DID YOU KNOW THAT
Researchers says that a
person lies approximately
25 times a day or up to
200 times?
F. TRUTH SERUM TEST / INTOXICATION
METHOD
Introduced by Dr. Edward
Mandel House (1858-1938)

A U.S. Physicist & Diplomat

Serving as Confidential
Adviser to former Pres.
Woodrow Wilson

Born on July 26,1958 at
Ferris Texas, USA
Involved the intravenous
injection or oral-taking of
various drugs (hyocine
bromide, morphine, ether,
chloroform, sodium amytal
& scopolamine.)
They are all capable of
producing anesthesia.
Based on the theory, that
intervention through
interrogation is made
possible after the dosage
of these drugs has been
appropriately applied.
Upon depresses of the
cerebral activity to a
point of
unconsciousness.

This influence is called
as the House
Receptive Stage or
Twilight Zone.
Objective- extract from
the subconscious mind,
as the subject is half-
asleep, the stored
contents of the mind
called Memory
Considered to be most
effective.

Effectiveness is upset
by several objections.

Statement made is not
admissible to court.

But very useful to
criminal investigation.
INTOXICATION
Employs alcoholic beverages as stimuli to obtain
truth.

When under the influence of alcohol, the power to
control the body is diminished & the investigator
begins propounding questions.

It is admissible if he is able to recollect the facts and
state them truly and exactly, even after the
influence of alcohol.

DID YOU KNOW THAT
Pathological liars are
not good in critical
thinking?

G. POLYGRAPH TEST TECHNIQUE
Based on theory that,
once a lie has been
made, or that an
emotion-evoking
stimulus has been
given, a conscious
mental effort on the
part of a normally
conditioned person
will cause physical &
psychological
changes in the body.
Changes are capable
of being recorded,
diagnosed &
interpreted.

Polygraph,
Deceptograph &
Pneumo- Galvo
Sphygmocardiograph.
Subject found to have
lied:
He has to be confronted.
Re-run of questioning
must be done to check
or counter-check
specific responses
recorded.
Any admission or
confession should be
given consideration.

Subject is telling the
Truth:

Examiner must submit
official report to the
requesting party.
DID YOU KNOW THAT
William Mouton Marston, creator
of Polygraph machine became
famous not because of his
machine but because of Wonder
Woman?