GROUP 4

BSEE-1A
The cardiovascular system includes the heart
and two networks of blood vessels: pulmonary
circulation, which moves deoxygenated blood
from the heart to the lungs, and returns
oxygenated blood back to the heart; and
systemic circulation, which carries oxygenated
blood from the heart to the body's tissues and
returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the
heart.
The cardiovascular system is responsible for the
distribution of blood in your body. There are 2 types
of blood circulation pathways that works
independently: pulmonary and systemic. The
pulmonary circulation is the highway of blood flowing
towards your lungs; the systemic circulation is the
pathway of blood towards other parts of your body.
Through these circulation paths the cardiovascular
system performs vital roles such as homeostasis
regulation, protection and waste product removal.


Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary
arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (sometimes called
hardening or clogging of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and
fatty deposits (called plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries.
Cardiomyopathy - diseases of cardiac muscle
Hypertensive heart disease - diseases of the heart secondary to high blood
pressure
Heart Failure - is an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action
to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body.
Cor pulmonale - a failure of the right side of the heart
Cardiac dysrhythmias - abnormalities of heart rhythm


The cause of coronary heart disease is related to multiple risk
factors. The following are the most common:

Hereditary: Coronary heart disease runs in the family.


High cholesterol: Levels of cholesterol in the blood are above
healthy levels. This usually involves high levels of low-density
lipoprotein (LDL), the bad cholesterol, and low levels of high-
density lipoprotein (HDL), the good cholesterol.


Tobacco abuse: This includes not only smoking any form of
tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes), but also chewing tobacco.


Obesity


High blood pressure (hypertension)


Diabetes


Lack of regular exercise


High-fat diet


Emotional stress


Type A personality (impatient, aggressive, competitive)
Smoking. Most people know that cigarette and tabacco smoking increases
your risk of lung cancer, but fewer realize that it also greatly increases your
risk of heart disease and peripheral vascular disease (disease in the vessels
that supply blood to the arms and legs). According to the American Heart
Association, more than 400,000 Americans die each year of smoking-related
illnesses. Many of these deaths are because of the effects of smoking on the
heart and blood vessels.
Physical Inactivity. People who are not active have a greater risk of heart
attack than do people who exercise regularly. Exercise burns calories, helps
to control cholesterol levels and diabetes, and may lower blood pressure.
Exercise also strengthens the heart muscle and makes the arteries more
flexible. Those who actively burn 500 to 3500 calories per week, either at
work or through exercise, can expect to live longer than people who do not
exercise. Even moderate-intensity exercise is helpful if done regularly.
Gender. Overall, men have a higher risk of
heart attack than women. But the difference
narrows after women reach menopause. After
the age of 65, the risk of heart disease is about
the same between the sexes when other risk
factors are similar.

Age. Older age is a risk factor for heart disease.
In fact, about 4 of every 5 deaths due to heart
disease occur in people older than 65.
Cut Down on Fats and Sweets
-Reducing your intake of sweets and fats will help decrease your overall
cholesterol and triglycerides, two elements that are critical to the health of
your cardiovascular system. Work to cut out foods high in saturated fats and
those containing trans fats, as these are the least beneficial for your heart.
Increase Whole Grains, Fruit and Vegetable Intake
-In order to raise your HDL or good cholesterol, you need to up your
intake of these critical good foods. Eating plenty of antioxidant containing
fruits and vegetables like cranberries, tomatoes, onions, red grapes and
tomato juice will help decrease inflammation and cleanse your system.
Use Extra Virgin Olive Oil for Cooking
-Containing healthy phytonutrients and monounsaturated fats, olive oil helps
to raise HDL cholesterol. Try to get about 25% of your daily intake of
calories from healthy fats like the ones in olive oil.



Eat Three Portions of Fish Weekly
-Omega-3 fatty acids reduce triglyceride levels in your blood, decrease blood
pressure and reduce blood clots. Eat at least 3 portions of fatty fish such as
salmon, mackerel, sardines, herring and albacore tuna weekly.
Exercise Regularly
-Increase your blood circulation, build your hearts strength and increase
lung capacity and function with regular exercise. The easiest way you can do
this is to sweat regularly with exercise. You should work towards 30 minutes
of daily walking, in addition to three 20-minute sessions of additional
cardiovascular activity weekly.
Floss Daily
-Flossing is critical to heart health, as it eliminates inflammation-causing
bacteria that can lead to heart disease.
Get Plenty of Sleep
-Sleep deprivation can increase your resting heart rate and blood pressure,
as well as decrease your muscle nerve activity. Prolonged lack of sleep has
been connected to disturbed heart rhythms and hypertension. Studies have
proven that people who get under 6 hours of sleep nightly have a 50%
higher risk of stroke and heart disease.


Practice Stress Management
-Learning to practice relaxing breathing techniques or playing
with your children or animals can work to reduce your resting
blood pressure and heart rate. By learning to relax and de-
stress, you can improve your hearts health significantly.
Take Aspirin
-Many studies have shown the preventative qualities of aspirin
in fighting heart attack risk. Check with your physician before
your begin taking aspirin, but generally 1 regular aspirin or 2
baby aspirin is all that is needed to decrease your heart attach
risk by 36%.
Cardiovascular fitness is the capacity of
the heart and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the
working muscle tissues and the capacity of the muscles
to use oxygen to produce energy for movement.

This
type of fitness is a health-related component of
physical fitness that is brought about by sustained
physical activity. A persons ability to deliver oxygen to
the working muscles is affected by
many physiological parameters, including heart rate,
stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen
consumption.

Understanding the relationship between
cardiorespiratory endurance training and other
categories of conditioning requires a review of changes
that occur with increased aerobic, or anaerobic capacity.
As aerobic/anaerobic capacity increases,
general metabolism rises, muscle metabolism is
enhanced, hemoglobin rises, buffers in the bloodstream
increase, venous return is improved stroke volume is
improved, and the blood bed becomes more able to
adapt readily to varying demands. Each of these results
of cardiovascular fitness/cardiorespiratory conditioning
will have a direct positive effect on muscular endurance,
and an indirect effect on strength and flexibility.

Indoor
Stair climbing
Elliptical trainer
Indoor rower
Stairmaster
Stationary bicycle
Treadmill





Outdoor
Cross-country
skiing
Cycling
Inline skating
Running
Middle distance
running
Nordic walking
Football
rugby
Basketball practice
Indoor or outdoor
Kickboxing
Swimming
Jumping rope


"He who has health, has hope; and he who has hope,
has everything."

Arabian Proverb


Thank you!

MECCA BRUGADA
KIM MICHAEL C. SOTTO
MARK JHERALD AZOR
JOMER STA. ANA
GARCHITORENA GABRIELLE NICOLE
BELMIS SHEENA
GUINOO KIMBERLY RHONA
CABALLERO CESAR