SME Tangible Assets IFRS.

2011 IFRS Foundation
1
The IFRS for SMEs

Topic 2.3
Section 13 Inventories
Section 16 Investment Property
Sec 17 Property, Plant & Equipment
Section 18 Intangible Assets
Section 27 Impairment of Assets
2

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The accounting requirements applicable to small and medium-sized entities
(SMEs) are set out in the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS)
for SMEs, which was issued by the IASB in July 2009.
The IFRS Foundation, the authors, the presenters and the publishers do not
accept responsibility for loss caused to any person who acts or refrains
from acting in reliance on the material in this PowerPoint presentation,
whether such loss is caused by negligence or otherwise.
3
The IFRS for SMEs

Scope of
Sections 13 and 1618

4 Section 13 scope
Inventories are assets:
held for sale in the ordinary course of
business (finished goods);
in the process of production for such sale
(work in process); or
in the form of materials or supplies to be
consumed in the production process or in
the rendering of services (raw materials &
consumables).
Section 13 specifies accounting +
reporting for inventories
Section 13 scope exclusions
Section 13 applies to all inventories,
except
work in progress arising under construction
contracts
financial instruments
biological assets related to agricultural
activity and agricultural produce at the
point of harvest
5
6 Section 17 definition of PP&E
Property, plant and equipment (PP&E) are
tangible assets:
held for
use in the production or supply of goods
or services,
for rental to others, or
for administrative purposes;
& are expected to be used in +1 period.
7 Section 17 scope

Section 17 specifies accounting &
reporting for:
property, plant and equipment; and
investment property whose fair value
cannot be measured reliably without
undue cost or effort on an ongoing basis.
8 Section 16 scope
Investment property is land or a building
(or part of a building, or both) held by the
owner or by the lessee under a finance
lease to earn rentals or for capital
appreciation or both.
reporting for:
investment property whose fair value can
be determined reliably without undue cost
or effort on an ongoing basis
9 Section 18 definition intangible asset
Intangible = identifiable non-monetary
asset without physical substance
Identifiable when:
separable, ie can be separated from the
entity & sold, transferred, licensed, rented
or exchanged, either individually or
together with a related contract, asset or
liability, or
arises from contractual or legal rights
10 Section 18 scope

reporting for intangible assets, excluding
goodwill
financial assets
mineral rights & mineral reserves, such as
oil, natural gas and similar
non-regenerative resources

Sections 13 & 1618 scope examples
In scope of S13, S16, S17 or S18?
Ex 1*: A trades in property (ie it buys
property to sell it at a profit near-term)
Ex 2*: B trades in transferable taxi
licences
Ex 3*: C produces wine from grapes
harvested from its vineyards in a 3-year
production cycle
* see example with the same number in Module 13 of the IFRS Foundation training material
11
Sections 13 & 1618 examples continued
Ex 4*: D holds lubricants that are
consumed by its machine in producing
goods
Ex 6*: E maintains its plant using:
a bespoke long-life cleaning machine; &
a set of low-value common tools acquired
from a local hardware store.
12
Ex 9*: F operate a hotel from a building it
owns
it rents out hotel rooms for short-stays
guest services included in the room rate =
breakfast and television
services charged for separately = other
meals, room bar, gymnasium facilities &
guided tours
* see example 9 in Module 16 of the IFRS Foundation training material
13
Ex 3*: G buys a building to earn rentals
under an operating lease from its
subsidiary. The sub sells its products
from the building
Ex 7*: H owns
a herd of cattlebreeding stock of its
agricultural activities
a tractor used to transport feed to the
herd

14
Ex 1: I owns digital films and audio
recordings which it licenses to its customers
Ex 12: In accounting for the acquisition of
the net assets and operations of a
competitor J recognised future economic
benefits arising from assets that are not
individually identified as an asset (goodwill)

15
Examples of classification judgements
when unclear what purpose of acquiring
property is (inventories, IP or PP&E?)
when property owner provide ancillary
services to the occupants of a property (IP
or PP&E?)
mixed use property (IP or PP&E?)
when is undue cost or effort necessary to
measure the fair value of an IP on an
ongoing basis (IP or PP&E?)
16
17
The IFRS for SMEs

Section 13 Inventories
and
Paragraphs 27.227.4 (impairment of
inventories)
18 Section 13 measurement
Inventories in the scope of Section 13 are
measured at the lower of:
cost; and
estimated selling price less costs to
complete and sell (SP-CTC&S).
Section 13 measurement exemptions
Section 13 does not apply to the
measurement of inventories of
producers of agricultural and forest
products, agricultural produce after
harvest, and minerals and mineral
products, or
commodity brokers and dealers
when measured at fair value less costs to
sell through profit or loss
19
Section 13 measurement examples
Are these inventories measured in
accordance with Section 13?
Ex 7*: A commodity broker-trader
acquires wheat in anticipation of selling
it in the short-term. The broker-trader
measures such inventories at fair value
less costs to sell
Ex 8*: Same as Ex 7 except the
broker-trader measures inventories at
cost
20
21 Section 13 cost
Cost = costs of purchase + costs of
conversion + other costs incurred in
bringing the inventories to their present
location and condition
22 Section 13 cost of purchase
Cost of purchase = purchase price + import
duties + other taxes (non-refundable in nature)
+ other direct costs
costs of purchase is after deducting trade
discounts, rebates etc
if purchase arrangement effectively contains an
unstated financing element, eg a difference
between the purchase price for normal credit terms
and the deferred settlement amount, the difference
is recognised as interest expense over the period of
the financing (ie it is not added to the cost of the
inventories)
23
Section 13 examples cost of purchase
Ex 13*: A buys a good priced at CU500
per unit from Z. Z awards A a 20%
discount on orders of +100 units and
10% discount when A buys +999 units in
1 year. The discounts apply to all units
acquired in a year.
A buys as follows: 800 units on 1/1/20X1
and 200 units on 24/12/20X1.
On 31/12/20X1, 150 units were unsold (ie
inventories of A).
24
Ex 13 continued:
A measures the cost of the inventories in 20X1 at
CU350,000 [ie 1,000 units (CU500 list price less
30%(CU500) volume discount)], because all units
purchased in the year get the full 30% discount.
A recognises:
expense (cost of sales) of CU297,500 [ie 850
units sold (CU500 list price less 30%(CU500)
volume discount)] in profit or loss in 20X1
asset (inventories) of CU52,500 [ie 150 units
unsold (CU500 less 30%(CU500) discount)] at
31/12/20X1.
25
Ex 17*: A buys inventory for
CU2,000,000 on 2-year interest-free
credit. Appropriate discount rate = 10%
per year.
The cost of the inventory is CU1,652,893
(ie the present value of the future
payment).
Calculation: CU2,000,000 future payment
(1.1)
2
.
26 Section 13 cost of conversion
Cost of conversion = direct costs +
indirect costs (allocated production
overheads)
allocated production overheads = fixed
production overheads + variable
production overheads

27
Section 13 examples conversion costs
Ex 18*: A makes concrete blocks in
reusable moulds. Blocks dry in a drying
room for 2 weeks. Dried blocks & raw
mats stored in separate rooms.
A front-end loader (man 1) adds materials to
the mixing machine operated by man 2.
Casual labourers remove blocks from
moulds. Man 3 supervises the factory. Man
4 does admin, finance and sales.
A operates from rented premises (fixed
payments).

28
Section 13 examples conversion cost
Ex 18 continued:
Costs of conversion include
direct costs: casual labour.
production overheads: factory rent (incl.
raw mats area & drying room but excl.
finished goods room); staff cost of man
1,2 & 3; depreciation of equipment (front
end loader, mixing machine and moulds).
29 Section 13 allocate production overheads
Allocate fixed production overheads on
normal capacity if low or normal
production
actual production (units) if abnormally
high production (so that inventory is not
measured above cost)
note: unallocated overheads are
expensed when incurred
Allocate variable production overheads
on actual production
30
Section 13 example FP overheads
Ex 20*: Fixed production (FP) overheads
= CU900,000. 200,000 units produced.
Normal capacity = 250,000 units.
Allocation rate: CU900,000 250,000 units
normal capacity = CU3.6 per unit produced.
Allocate to inventories: CU3.6 200,000
units = CU720,000.
Unallocated overheads of CU180,000 are
expense (ie CU900,000 less CU720,000 in
inventory).
31
Section 13 example FP overheads
Ex 21*: Same as Ex 20 except 300,000
units produced. Normal capacity =
250,000 units.
Allocation rate: CU900,000 300,000 units
actual production = CU3 per unit produced.
Allocate to inventories: CU3 300,000
units = CU900,000
32
Section 13 example wastage
Ex 27*: Total costs of a production run =
CU100,000 (including a cost of normal
wastage of CU2,000). The weakening of
operating controls while the owner-
manager was in hospital caused the
wastage of raw materials to increased to
CU7,000 per production run.
The abnormal wastage cost of CU5,000
(CU7,000 CU2,000) is not included in the
cost of inventory but recognised as an
expense.
33 Section 13 joint and by-products
Production process results in more than one
product being produced simultaneously
joint product, or
main product and by-product.
Allocate joint costs on a rational and
consistent basis
If by-product is immaterial
measure by-product at selling price less costs
to complete and sell (SP-CTC&S)
deduct this amount from the cost of the main
product.
34
Section 13 example by-product
Ex 22*: A production process costs
CU100,000 (including allocated
overheads). It mixes base chemicals to
produce:
5,000 litres of product A (sales value =
CU250,000); and
1,000 litres of by-product C (sales value =
CU2,000).
Cost per litre of A = CU19.60 (ie
CU100,000 less CU2,000 SP of C) 5,000
litres = CU19.60.
35
Section 13 example joint product
Ex 23*: Same as in Ex 22 except, instead
of by-product C there is a joint product
B. Total costs = CU300,000 to produce:
5,000 litres of A (sales value =
CU250,000); and
4,000 litres of B (sales value =
CU400,000).
Allocate joint process costs on relative
sales values.

36
Section 13 example joint product continued
Ex 23 continued:
Cost per litre of A = CU23.08 & B = CU46.15.
Calculation A: CU250,000 SP of A CU650,000
combined SP of A & B CU300,000 costs =
CU115,385 cost of 5,000 litres of A. CU115,385
5,000 litres = CU23.08.
Calculation B: CU400,000 SP of B CU650,000
combined SP of A & B CU300,000 costs =
CU184,615 cost of 4,000 litres of B. CU184,615
4,000 litres = CU46.15.
37 Section 13 other costs
Include other costs in the cost of
inventories only to the extent that they
are incurred in bringing the inventories to
their present location and condition.
Ex 25*: A manufactures individually
packaged pens.
The cost of the inventory includes the cost of
manufacturing the pens and the individual
packaging in which they are presented for
sale.
38 Section 13 cost formulas
Specific identification of costs if
goods not ordinarily interchangeable or
segregated for specific projects
Other inventories
FIFO or
weighted average (WA)
Can use other ways if approximates cost
standard cost
retail method
most recent purchase price
39 Section 27 impairment of inventories
Assess at each reporting date whether
any inventories are impaired, by
comparing the carrying amount (CA) of
each item of inventory with its selling price
less costs to complete and sell (SP-
CTC&S)
if CA > SP-CTC&S reduce CA to SP-
CTC&S
that reduction = impairment loss
impairment loss = expense in profit or loss
40
Section 27 examples impairment
Ex 1: At reporting date
CA (cost) of raw materials = 100
replacement cost = 80
est. selling price of finished good = 200
est. costs to convert the raw material into
finished good = 60
est. costs to sell the finished good = 30
Ex 2: Same as Ex 1 except est. SP = 180
41 Section 27 impairment exception
Inventory is assessed for impairment item
by item
only if it is impracticable to determine SP-
CTC&S item-by-item may items of inventory:
relating to the same product line that have
similar purposes or end uses; and
that are produced and marketed in the same
geographical area
be grouped for the purpose of assessing
impairment.

42
Section 27 examples impairment
Ex 3: A has 3 items of inventory
(finished goods) that qualify for
impairment testing as a group
CA (cost) 90 + 100 + 130 = 320
est. SP-CTC&S for the 3 items = 330
Ex 4: Same as Ex 3 except
items do not qualify for impairment testing
as a group; and
est. SP-CTC&S = 110 each.
Section 27 reversal of impairment
Reverse the impairment when:
circumstances that caused inventories to
be impaired no longer exist; or
there is clear evidence of an increase in
SP-CTC&S because of changed economic
circumstances
Amount of reversal is limited to the
amount of the original impairment loss
ie CA cannot be > cost
43
44
Section 27 example reverse impairment
Ex 5: At 31/12/20X1
because of a decline in economic
circumstances recognised an impairment loss
on an item of inventory of 30 (ie cost = 100 &
SP-CTC&S = 70)
At 31/12/20X2
because of an improvement in economic
circumstance the SP-CTC&S of that item is
120
45 Section 13 measurement judgements
For cost, examples include
determining normal capacity
separating normal & abnormal wastage
allocating joint cost to joint products
if no market for joint products at
separation
if multiple joint products and exit joint
production at different stages
For the impairment
estimating SP-CTC&S
46 Section 13 derecognition
Expense inventory when
impaired
derecognised (ie when sold)
Allocate inventory to another asset
eg inventory used as a component of self-
constructed PP&E.
47 Section 13 disclosure
Disclose
accounting policies for measuring
inventories
carrying amount of inventories analysed by
class
amount expensed in the period
impairment losses recognised or reversed
amount pledged as security for liabilities
48
The IFRS for SMEs

Section 17
Property, Plant and Equipment
(including investment property whose fair
value cannot be measured reliably on an
ongoing basis)

49 Section 17 recognition
Recognise the cost of an item of PP&E
as an asset if:
probable future benefits inflows; and
cost can be measured reliably.

50 Section 17 measurement
Initial measurement of PP&E = cost
cost = purchase price + direct cost for PP&E
become capable of operating as intended +
initial estimate of obligation to dismantle/remove
cash price equivalent at the recognition date
if payment deferred beyond normal credit
terms, cost = present value of future payments
Subsequent measurement = cost less
depreciation and impairment losses
51 Section 17 replacing parts
Parts that require replacement at regular
intervals (eg roof and furnaces lining)
add cost of replacement to the carrying
amount of the item if the replacement adds
benefits
if consumption pattern different, depreciate
component separately over its useful life
derecognise the parts replaced.
Day-to-day servicing costs = expense
52 Section 17 exchange of assets
Cost of PP&E acquired in exchange for a
non-monetary asset = fair value unless
the transaction lacks commercial
substance
if fair value cannot be measured reliably,
cost = carrying amount of the asset given
up
53 Section 17 cost
Cost of PP&E comprises:
purchase price (incl. fees, duties &
purchase taxes after deducting trade
discounts & rebates)
costs directly attributable to bring the PP&E
to location & condition necessary for it to
be capable of operating as intended by
management:
site prep. costs, delivery & handling,
installation & assembly, & testing
functions.
initial estimate of dismantling & removing
costs and site restoration.
54
Section 17 example cost
Ex 15*: Costs before ready for use as
intended:
purchase price = 600 (incl 50 refundable
purch tax)
costs 120 to get equip to site and to install
in 10 yrs must restore land (PV to restore =
100)
costs 135 to modify equip to operate as
intended
costs 10 to train staff to operate equip.
costs 37 for testing and final modifications
23 = operating loss after ready for use.
* Adapted from example 15 in Module 17 of the IFRS Foundation training material
55
Section 17 depreciation
To allocate depreciable amount over
items useful life use judgement to
estimate
useful life
residual value
depreciation method (eg straight-line,
diminishing balance, units of production)
Re-evaluate estimates if change indicator
change is a change in accounting
estimate
56
Section 17 depreciation continued
Depreciation begins when the PP&E is
available for use
ie when it is in the location and condition
necessary for it to be capable of operating
in the manner intended by management
Depreciation stops when the PP&E is
derecognised
57
Section 17 example depreciation
Ex 20*: On 1/1/20X1 buy machine for
CU100,000. Initial estimates &
judgements:
useful life = 10 yrs & residual value = 0
straight-line depreciation is appropriate
At 31/12/20X5 year-end reassess:
useful life = 24 yrs (from the date of acq)
and residual value = CU20,000
straight-line depreciation is appropriate
* adapted from example 20 in Module 17 of the IFRS Foundation training material
58
Section 17 derecognition
Derecognise PP&E on disposal or when
no further benefits are expected from its
use or disposal
Gain or loss = net disposal proceeds (if
any) less carrying amount
show gain or loss in profit or loss (except
for some sale & leasebacks)
gain is not revenue
59
Section 17 example derecognition
Ex 35*: On 1/11/20X5 sold building for
3,500. Carrying amount = 2,000. Selling
costs = 350 commission & 10 legal fees.
On 1/11/20X5 recognise gain of CU1,140
in profit or loss
[calculation: 3,500 less (2,000 + 350 + 10)]
60
Section 17 disclosures
Disclose for each class of PP&E
measurement bases
depreciation methods
useful lives or depreciation rates
gross carrying amount & accumulated
depreciation (incl. impairment losses) at
beginning & end of period
reconciliation of carrying amount at
beginning & end of the reporting period
showing specified items (comparatives
not required)
61
Section 17 other disclosures
Also disclose
existence and carrying amounts of PP&E
when entity has restricted title or PP&E is
pledged as security for liabilities
amount of contractual commitments for
the acquisition of PP&E

62
The IFRS for SMEs

Section 18
Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

63 Section 18 recognition
Recognise the cost of intangible as asset if:
probable future benefits inflows, and
cost can be measured reliably
the asset does not result from
expenditure incurred internally on an
intangible item
cannot recognise R&D costs; internally
generated brands, logos, publishing
titles, customer lists; expenditure to open
new facilities or launch new products;
training activities; advertising;
relocating or reorganising costs.
64
Section 18 recognise this brand?
Ex 1: A developed a brand that allows it
to charge a premium for its products.
A maintains & enhances its brand by
sponsoring local events & advertising.
Ex 2: Same as Ex 1 except A bought
brand from a competitor in a separate
acquisition.
65
Section 18 intangibles in business
com
Intangible asset acquired in a bus com
is normally recognised as a separate asset
fair value can be measured reliably
however, not recognised when arises from
legal/contractual rights & fair value cannot
be measured reliably because the asset
either:
is not separable from goodwill; or
is separable but no history or evidence of
exchange transactions for similar assets,
and otherwise estimating fair value would
be dependent on immeasurable variables.
66 Section 18 initial measurement
Initial measurement of intangible = cost
if separately acquired, cost = purchase
price + directly attrib. cost of preparing for
intended use
if acquired in a business combination, cost
= at acquisition fair value
if acquired in government grant, cost = fair
value at the date the grant is received or
receivable
Internally generated intangibles are not
recognised & therefore are not measured

67
Section 18 example business com
Ex 3: A buys B when Bs intangibles were:

A incurred 200 to complete in-process
R&D project & decides to develop the
related product commercially.
CA FV
Customer list 0 50
In process R&D project 0 80
Licence to operate 100 150
Brand (trademark & brand name) 0 300
68
Section 18 judgements about cost
Judgements in measuring cost include:
deferred paymentdetermining the
discount rate
exchange transactionestimating fair
value if no active market for asset
received or asset given up
acquired in a business combination
estimating fair value if no active markets
& judging if fair value can be measured
reliably (for recognition)
acquired by government grant
estimating fair value of if no active
market
69 Section 18 subsequent measurement
After initial recognition measure intangibles
at cost less amortisation & impairment
losses
Similar to PP&E but
all intangibles considered to have finite useful
life
useful life not > the contractual/legal right
useful life includes renewal periods only if
evidence to support likely renewal without
significant cost
useful life = 10 yrs if cannot estimate reliably
residual value is 0, except in specified
circumstances
70
Section 18 estimating useful life
Ex 4: A acquires a customer list.
Expects to benefit from list for 13 yrs.
Ex 5: B acquires a 5-yr airline route
authority (ARA) that is renewable every
5 yrs at no cost
renewal is routine if specified rules &
regulations are complied with
B is compliant & expects to fly the route
indefinitely
an analysis of demand and cash flows
supports those assumptions
71
Section 18 derecognition
Derecognise intangibles on disposal or
when no further benefits are expected
from its use or disposal
Gain or loss = net disposal proceeds (if
any) less carrying amount
show gain or loss in profit or loss (except
for some sale & leasebacks)
gain is not revenue
72
Section 18 disclosures
Disclose for each class of intangible
line item in income statement (or SOCI or
SOI&RE) in which amortisation is
included
amortisation methods
useful lives or amortisation rates
gross carrying amount & accumulated
amortisation (incl. impairment losses) at
beginning & end of period
reconciliation of carrying amount at
beginning & end of the reporting period
showing specified items (comparatives
not required)

73
Section 18 other disclosures
R&D expenditure expensed in the period
existence & carrying amounts of intangible
with restricted title or pledged as security
for liability
amount of contractual commitments for the
acquisition of intangibles
(i) description, (ii) carrying amount and (iii)
remaining amortisation period of individual
intangible asset that is material to the
entitys financial statements
if acquired as government grant & initially
recognised at fair valuethe fair value
initially recognised & the carrying amount
74
The IFRS for SMEs

Section 27
Impairment of Assets

75 Section 27 scope

Section 27 specifies accounting and
reporting of impairment losses of all assets
except:
deferred tax assets
assets arising from employee benefits
financial assets in scope of Sections 11 & 12
assets measured at fair value

76
Section 27 general principles
Assets except inventories:
at reporting date assess whether there is
any indication that an asset may be impaired
if any such indication exists, estimate the
recoverable amount (RA) of the asset
impair if carrying amount (CA) > RA
recognise impairment loss in profit or loss
Note: if impairment indicated
review the remaining useful life, the
depreciation (amortisation) method or the
residual value for the asset even if no
impairment loss found
77
Section 27 impairment testing level
Impairment test at level of
individual asset (if possible)
otherwise cash-generating unit (CGU)
eg when need to calculate value in use
and the individual assets do not
generate cash flows by themselves
A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of
assets that generates cash inflows that are
largely independent of the cash inflows
from other assets or groups of assets.
78
Section 27 impairment indicators
Consider, as a minimum:
External sources of information in a period
assets market value declined significantly
> expected
significant changes in the technological,
market, economic or legal environment
market rates increased (eg effect on
discount rate)
CA of the net assets > estimated fair
value of the entity
79
C Section 27 impairment indicators
continued
Internal sources of information
obsolete or physical damaged asset
significant changes in the extent or
manner in which, an asset is (or is
expected to be) used
eg idle assets, plans to discontinue or
restructure operation, plans to dispose
before expected, and reassessing the
useful life of an asset as finite rather than
indefinite.
internal reporting indicates that the
economic performance of an asset is, or
will be, worse than expected (eg operating
results & cash flows)
80
Section 27 recoverable amount
Recoverable amount = higher of value in
use (VIU) & fair value less costs to sell
(FV-CTS)
if either VIU or FV-CTS > CA then no
need to determine the other
if no reason to believe VIU > FV-CTS,
then FV-CTS may be used as RA
81
Section 27 estimating FV-CTS
FV-CTS = amount obtainable from the sale
of an asset in an arms length transaction
between knowledgeable, willing parties, less
the costs of disposal
best evidence is a price in a binding sale
agreement in an arms length transaction
or a market price in an active market
if not available, estimate using best
information available considering the
outcome of recent transactions for similar
assets within the same industry
82
Section 27 estimating VIU
VIU = present value of the future net cash
flows expected to be derived from an asset.
Steps to calculate VIU:
estimate future cash flows (in & out) from
continuing use of the asset & its ultimate
disposal, and
apply appropriate discount rate to future
cash flows
83
Section 27 estimating VIU
Reflect in calculation of VIU:
est. future cash flows (FCFs) entity
expects
expectations about possible variations in
the amount or timing of those FCFs
time value of money (current market risk-
free rate of interest)
price for uncertainty inherent in the asset
other factors (eg illiquidity) that market
participants would adjust for
Avoid double-counting in FCFs & discount
rate
84
Section 27 est. VIU cash flows
Estimates of FCFs include:
cash inflows from the continuing use
cash outflows necessary to generate cash
inflows (directly attributed or allocated on
reasonable & consistent basis)
net cash flows, if any, expected from
disposal at end of useful life
May:
use recent budgets/forecasts to est. cash
flows
extrapolate beyond forecast period using
steady or declining growth rate, unless
another is justified
85
Section 27 est. VIU cash flows continued
Est. FCFs for asset in current condition
Est. FCFs dont include in/outflows from:
a future restructuring to which an entity is
not yet committed, or
improving or enhancing the assets
performance.
Est. FCFs also dont include:
cash in/outflows from financing activities,
and
income tax receipts/payments.
86
Section 27 est. VIU discount rate
Discount rate/s is a pre-tax rate/s that
reflect/s current market assessments of:
the time value of money (ie current
market risk-free rate of interest); and
the risks specific to the asset for which
the future cash flow estimates have not
been adjusted (ie avoid double-counting).
87
Section 27 cash generating unit (CGU)
Allocate impairment loss:
1
st
to any goodwill allocated to the CGU
2
nd
to other assets pro rata on the basis
CA of each asset in CGU
however, cannot reduce the CA of any
asset below the highest of 0, FV-CTS &
VIU (if determinable)
reallocate to other assets of CGU
88
Section 27 example CGU impairment
Ex 1: At 31/12/20X1 CA of a CGUs
assets = 210 (ie 150 taxis, 50 taxi licence
& 10 goodwill)
Impairment indicated & RA = 170.
Fair value of taxis = 140.
Impairment loss = 40 (ie 210 CA less 170
RA)
1
st
allocate 10 loss to goodwill
2
nd
allocate remaining 30 loss, ie 22.5 to
taxis & 7.5 to licence (pro rata on CA)
3
rd
reallocate 12.5 loss from taxis to licence
89
Section 27 goodwill
On acquisition date goodwill is allocated to
each cash-generating unit that is expected
to benefit from the synergies of the business
combination
CA of partly-owned CGU is notionally
adjusted for the NCIs share of goodwill
before being compared with its RA
90
Section 27 example goodwill
Ex 2: Goodwill of CU40 on As
acquisition of 75% of Bs shares on
1/1/20X1.
To reflect synergies the group allocated
the goodwill 10 to As CGU and 30 to Bs
CGU.
For impairment testing purposes only Bs
goodwill is notionally grossed up to 40 (ie
additional goodwill for NCI = 10).
91
Section 27 goodwill continued
If goodwill cannot be allocated to CGU/s on
a non-arbitrary basis, then for the purposes
of testing goodwill for impairment, the entity
determines the recoverable amount of
either:
the acquired entity in its entirety (if
goodwill relates to an acquired entity that
has not been integrated).
the entire group of entities, excluding any
entities that have not been integrated (if
the goodwill relates to an acquired entity
that has been integrated).

92
Section 27 reversing impairment loss
General principles:
at reporting date assess whether there is
any indication that impairment has
reversed
if any such indication exists, estimate RA
reverse impairment in profit or loss if CA <
RA, but
reversal cannot increase the CA above
the CA that would have been determined
(net of amortisation or depreciation) had
no impairment loss been recognised in
prior years.
goodwill impairment cannot be reversed
93
Section 27 example reverse impairmt
Ex 3: Facts from Ex 1. At 31/12/20X2 CA
of CGU = 120 (ie 100 taxis & 20 licence)
Impairment reversal indicated & RA
estimated = 150
Potential impairment reversal = 30 (ie 150 RA
less 120 CA) but limited to 20 (as follows)
1
st
allocate to assets pro rata on CAs, ie 5 to
licence & 25 to taxis
2
nd
limit amt allocated to taxis to 7 (if no
impairment in 20X1, CA at 20X2 = 107)
94
Section 27 example reversal continued
Ex 3 continued:
3
rd
reallocate 18 reversal from taxis to
licence
Total reversal provisionally allocated to
licence = 23 (ie 5 + 18)
4
th
limit amt allocated to licences to 13 (if no
impairment in 20X1, CA at 20X2 = 33)
5
th
as there are no other assets to reallocate
the unallocated 10 (ie 23 less 13) reversal
to, limit the total impairment reversal to 20
(ie 7 for taxis and 13 for licence)
95
Section 27 after reversal
After reversing impairment loss
adjust the depreciation/amortisation
charge for the asset in future periods to
allocate the assets revised CA, less its
residual value (if any), on a systematic
basis over its remaining useful life.
96
Section 27 impairment disclosures
Disclose separately for each of(a)
inventories; (b) PP&E; (c) goodwill; (d)
intangibles other than goodwill; (e)
investments in associates; (f) investments in
joint ventures:
amount of impairment losses recognised
in profit or loss & line item(s) in the
income statement (or SOCI or SOI&RE)
in which included.
same for reversals of impairment losses

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