TERRORISM

Mohd Azmer bin Jueng 1018827

Nuzul Imran bin Ahmad Helmi 1014551
Nadhirah binti Badardin 1010878
Afifsyahmi bin Mohd Husnin 1010905
Muammar Shabil
Literature review
Many studies on terrorism have been conducted
after the 9/11 craze.
According to Neil J. Smelser, the catastrophic
event had been so dramatic that this age has
been renamed as the age of terrorism.
Of course, terrorism has been going on since
forever in whatever way possible and favorable to
the situation, but the increase in consciousness
had begun after the incident in the United States
about a decade ago.

DEFINITION OF TERRORISM
There is no official definition on what the
word terrorism means.
But deriving the word from its root (terror)
would mean fear.
terror into a verb, it would become
terrorize which basically means to cause
fear.
In Myra Williamsons book Terrorism, War
and International Law, she explains that the
term was notoriously difficult to define.
Scholars in the related fields such as political
sciences, law and criminology have tried to
define the term and failed time and time
again.
It is because terrorism does not have a single
definition. There can never be a single
universal definition of what terrorism is.

CASE STUDY:
AL-QAEDA
What is Al-Qaeda?
Al-Qaeda or in English, it means "the base"
Established by Osama Bin Laden in 1988, towards the
end of the war in Afghanistan.
It was shaped out of an organization called the Services
Office(Maktab al-Khidamat),
whose purpose was to absorb, place, and manage the
thousands of volunteers who came to Afghanistan between
1979 and 1989 from around the Muslim world in order to fight
alongside the local mujahidin against the invading Soviet army.
Al-Qaeda objective

Establishment of governing regimes throughout the
world that functions according to Islamic law.
Establish Islamic autonomies within countries with
large Muslim minorities.
Al-Qaeda has tried to exploit the sense of alienation
sometimes felt by Muslim immigrants around the
world, to convince them to return to the familiar
values of Islam and in turn preach them to others.
The conclusion of the vision translates into
one main Muslim force, a kind of powerful
Islamic caliphate, which would restore Islam
to the superior status that it merited and
enjoyed in the past.

Undeniably, al-Qaeda sees itself as the
representative of all Muslims, who, according to
them, constitute one indivisible entity (the
Islamic umma).
What caused Al-Qaeda into existence:
Istishhadas a Unifying Organizational Value
Means of warfare is part of an overall philosophy that sees
active jihad against the apparent enemies of Islam as a central
ideological pillar and organizational ideal.
Al-Qaedas worldview, ones willingness to sacrifice his or her
life for Allah and in the path of Allah (fisabilallah) is an
expression of the Muslim fighters advantage over the
opponent.
The organization implemented suicide as the supreme
embodiment of global jihad and raised Islamic martyrdom
(al-shehada) to the status of a principle of faith.
Willingness for self-sacrifice was one of the most important
characteristics to instill in veteran members and new recruits.

Causes and effects

Solution to terrorism (Islamic view)
According to Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, the
present problem of terrorism is based on an
ideology and an ideology cannot be countered or
killed through legal action or by mere
condemnation.
We have to develop a counter-ideology to
overcome it.
Terrorism will persist in one form or another until
the ideology of violence is countered with
another ideology based on peace.

The Ideology
of Violence
Present-day terrorism is that, Islam being a political system,
it is the duty of all Muslims to establish Islamic rule in the
world.
A large number of Muslims, and especially many easily
influenced youth, have become obsessed with this ideology
and are trying to establish the political rule of Islam, thinking
it to be their ticket to paradise.
Having failed to achieve this objective of establishing Islamic
by the peaceful method, they have started resorting to
suicide bombing, the idea being thatif we cannot eliminate
non-Islamic rule, then let us at least de-stabilize it and pave
the way for Islamic rule.
The Ideology
of Peace
The real Islam, as followed by Prophet Muhammad and his early
followers, is based upon peace, compassion and tolerance.
Peace is not prevalent in the world as people the world over are
acting intolerantly and indulging in acts of violence, saying, Give
us justice and peace will ensue. But when people, ostensibly
seeking justice, stoop to violence, peace can never prevail. Peace
is always desirable for its own sake, and every other desirable
state comes after peace, not along with it.
Once people become tolerant and obtain peace for its own sake,
what that actually does is open up opportunitiesit creates
favourable conditions, which enable people to strive for their
ideals, eventually attaining justice and other constructive ends.
The Quran has clearly declared that no aggressive war is
permitted in Islam. Muslims can engage themselves only in a
defensive, not in an offensive war, irrespective of the
circumstances (2:190).
Similarly the Prophet Muhammad has observed:God grants
to gentleness (rifq) what He does not grant to violence
(unf).(Sunan Abu Dawud 4/255)
The Quran states reconciliation is the best(4:128).
The Quran has this to say of the mission of the Prophet
Muhammad: "We have not sent you forth but as a mercy to
mankind." (21:107)
No wonder, then, that the Prophet Muhammad so earnestly
used to entreat his Lord in his daily prayer: "O God, You are
the original source of Peace; from You is all Peace, and to You
returns all Peace. So, make us live with Peace; and let us enter
paradise: the House of Peace. Blessed be You, our Lord, to
whom belongs all Majesty and Honour!
Peace
in
Islam