NEOPLASMA

penyakit pertumbuhan sel, Dimana terjadi

pertumbuhan sel tidak terbatas, tidak
terkoordinasi dan tidak berguna.bagi tubuh.

TUMOR :
INFLAMASI,
HIPERPLASI,
NEOPLASMA : benign or malignant



FASE PERTUMBUHAN SEL
SEL NORMALPROLIFERASI
DIFERENSIASI ORGANISASI --
JARINGAN NORMAL.

MITOSIS, HORMONAL, MIGRASIKOHESIKONTAK INHIBISI

PROLIFERASI , DIFERENSIASI, ORGANISASI
KACAU NEOPLASMA
(IRREVERSIBEL & PERMANEN)

Perubahan sel Normal-abnormal
CLASSIFICATION
A. The cell type origin (typing)
1. Adeno gland cell
Fibro fibroblast
Osteo osteoblast
Myo muscle cell
Lymphoma lymphoid cell
Leukemia blod cell
leiomyoma
folicular adenoma
2. Carcinoma epithelial
Sarcoma mesenchymal
Blastoma blast (cell)
Lymphoma lymphoid
Leukemia blood cell
blastoma
sarcoma
B. Clinical and histological
behaviour
1. Adenoma - adenocarcinoma
Fibroma - fibrosarsoma
Osteoma - osteosarcoma
Myoma - myosarcoma
etc.
leiomyosarcoma
osteosarcoma
2. Malignant tumor
cell type origin can be recognized by
a. Specific cell product
Mucine : adenocarcinoma
Keratine : squamous cell carcinoma
Melanine : melanoma
Reticulin/kolagen : fibrosarcoma
melanoma pearl formation
b. Specific cell structure
Tonofibril : squamous cell carcinoma
Myofibril : myosarcoma

c. Specific histological structure
Tubular : adenocarcinoma
Transitional epithel : transitional
carcinoma
Glomeruli like : nephroblastoma
glomeruli like
transitional
d. Grade of differentiation
1. Well differerentiated
2. Moderate differentiated
3. Poorly differentiated
4. Undifferentiated/anaplastic


C. Organ or tissue origin
W.D. squamous carcinoma
bronkhus
P.D. squamous cell carcinoma
cervik
W.D. adenocarcinoma endometrium
etc


D. The volume comparation
between parenchym and stroma
1. Medullary carcinoma
parenchym > stroma soft
consistency
2. Simplex carcinoma
parenchym = stroma : similar
volume
3. Scirrhous carinoma
parenchym < stroma hard
consistency
E. Macroscopic aspect
1. Benign epithelial tumor
a. Papilloma
b. Polyp
c. Cyst
2. Carcinoma
a. Papillomatous
b. Ulcerated
c. Diffuse infiltrated lin itis
plastica
MIXED TUMOR
mixed of 2 or more tumor cell type
- Adenofibroma
- Carcinosarcoma
- Mesenchyma - eutop
fibroadenoma
HAMARTOMA
local misformation tissue with limited growth
1. Hemangioma : a. Capillare
b. Cavernosus
c. Simplex
2. Nevus pigmentosus
melanoblast in the skin / corium
a. Intradermal
b. Epidermal
c. Junctional
d. Compound
e. Verrucous / papillomatous
TUMOR OF EMBRYONAL TISSUE REST
Chorda dorsalis : chordoma
Sach of Rathke : craniopharyngioma
Enamel organ :
amelloblastoma/adamantinoma

adamantinoma
EMBRYONAL TUMOR
congenital tumor
1. Neuroblastoma
- Sympathicoblastoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Retinoblastoma
Syndrome Pepper : neuroblastoma of
suprarenal gland metastasis
in the abdominal lymphnode
and liver
and
Syndrome van Hutchinson : basis skull
metastasis
2. Nephroblastoma
26
TERATOMA
tumor of heterotopic tissue element more
than one dermoblast
Teratogenesis
1. Pluripotent cells embryonal stage
separated and isolated unsuccesful
twin
2. Primordial germ cells parthenogenesis
- unsuccesful growth
Location : basis cranii - sacrum
3. Anaplasia theory/dediffrentiation
Location : everywhere in the body
Teratoma is different with fetus in
fetu/parasi
tic twin
Fetus in fetu is Siamic twin

Classification
1. Well differentiated dermoid cyst
benign
2. Poorly differentiated malignant
especially
in testicle
teratoma
Tumor with special
nomenclature
A. Gonade tumor
1. Seminoma : malignant germ cell tumor
Location : testicle
ovary : dysgerminoma
2. Granulosa cell theca cell tumor =
ovarial stromal tumor
Graulosa cell tumor
Thecoma
Most of them benign

seminoma
Granulosa cell tumor
B. Placenta tumor
1. Mola hydatidosa
Benign, trophoblastic tumor
Mole hydatid grape fruit form
No fetus
Edematous stroma without blood
capilaary
Surrounded by cytotrophoblast &
syncitiotropholbast
2. Choriocarcinoma
Malignant, trophoblastic tumor without
stroma
Post abortion
Post mole
Post normal gestation
Bleeding necrotic hematogen metastatic
choriocarcinoma
mola hydatidosa
C. NERVE SYSTEM TUMOR
1. Central nerve system
Glia cells glioma
Astrocyt astrocytoma
local malignant, uncapsulated
surgical excition : difficult
Medulloblast medulloblastoma
2. Peripheral nerve system
Schwann cells schwanoma
neurilemmoma
neurofibroma
perifer nerve tumor
astrocytoma
3. Mesothel of arachnoid
- meningioma benign
- nest of mesothel in fibrous stroma
- malignant mesothelioma

D. TUMOR OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANE
Mesothel pleura and peritoneum
- mesothelioma
- benign variant local tumor
- malignant variant infiltrative mass tumor
in pleura and peritoneum
E. Hemopoetic and lymphoid tissue
R.E.S. : malignant reticulosis
1. Leukemia
2. Hematosarcoma
1. Leukemia : hemopoetic cells tumor
a. Spontaneous multiple location
bone marrow, spleen, lymph node,
liver
b. Diffuse in the tissue at the end
phase :
circumscribed
mass
c. Leukemic cells often in the peripheral
blood
2. Hematosarcoma
invasiveness of hemopoetic cells, but
a. often local circumscribed growth in
lymph node, spleen, skin
and bowel lymphoid tissue
disseminated fastly to
hemopoetic tissue
b. very often circumscribed tumor
c. rare in the peripheral blood small
amount
1. LEUKEMIA
cells origin : myelocyt, lymphoid, erythroblast,
megakaryocyt, monocyt, plasma
cells
most frequent : lymphatic and myeloid
two variants : acute and chronic
a. Acute lymphatic leukemi
Lymphoblast lymphoblastic leukemia
Incidence : especially in children
b. Chronic lymphatic leukemi
The infiltrative cells : mature lymphocyt
Incidence : especially in the old age
c. Acute myeloid
The infiltrative cells : myeloblast &
promyelocyt
Incidence : all ages
d. Chronic myeloid
The infiltrative cells : myelocyt
Incidence : all ages
Abnormal in small chromosome :
Philadelphia/
Ph
1

chromosome
2. HEMATOSARCOMA
The most popular :
a. Non Hodgkin lymphoma : B cells
T cells
1. Small cells
2. Intermediate
3. Large cells
4. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
(ALCL)
b. Hodgkin lymphoma
- Pleomorphisme
- Sternberg-Reed cells
c. 1. Multiple myeloma morbus Kahler
2. Plasmacytoma
Plasmablast pro plasmacyt