Bladder Cancer Treatment in India - Uncontrolled proliferation

of normal cells lining the bladder wall can lead to cancer.50

per cent of patients can be cured with appropriate treatment
Bladder Cancer Surgery in India, Low Cost Bladder cancer
Treatment

The urinary bladder is a hollow sac like organ situated in
the pelvis. Its major function is to store the urine produced
by the kidneys before finally emptying it. Uncontrolled
proliferation of normal cells lining the bladder wall can lead
to cancer.


Bladder Cancer Treatment in India - Uncontrolled proliferation
of normal cells lining the bladder wall can lead to cancer.50
per cent of patients can be cured with appropriate treatment
Risk factors

Though the exact cause of bladder cancer is unknown,
there are certain well recognized risk factors. Smoking is
one of the most important risk factors, and smokers have
twice the risk of developing bladder cancer than non-
smokers. People exposed to certain chemicals like aromatic
amines. which are especially used in dyeing, rubber, leather
and textile industries are also at increased risk if proper
precautions are not taken. Chronic irritation of the bladder
wall due to any cause can also lead to bladder cancer.
Symptoms
Some of the common symptoms of bladder cancer are
haematuria and recurrent urinary tract infection. However, it
is important to realize that most of the early cancers may be
totally asymptomatic. A patient with these symptoms
should consult his doctor if the symptoms persist for more
than two weeks.

The purpose of doing these tests is to find out the stage of
the cancer as the prognosis and treatment depends upon
the stage. Broadly speaking, there are four stages
depending upon how deep the cancer has penetrated into
the bladder wall, and whether it has spread into other
structures outside the bladder like lymph nodes, bone, liver
etc.










Treatment of Bladder Cancer at World Class Cancer Hospital in
India
There are three main modalities of treatment - surgery, radiotherapy, and
chemotherapy, either alone or in combination. In very early bladder cancers limited to
the superficial layer of the bladder wall, immunological therapy is used where the
patient comes in for multiple sessions of a drug being instilled into the bladder.
Surgery is one of the most widely used treatments. In most of the locally advanced
tumours, the surgery is called radical cystectomy where the entire bladder and some
adjoining structures are also removed. This operation requires some form of urinary
diversion for the urine to come out through a new pathway. In certain less advanced
tumours, a partial cystectomy may be sufficient where only a part of the bladder will
be removed.










Treatment of Bladder Cancer at World Class Cancer Hospital in
India
Radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy is an alternative to surgery
where the patient wants to conserve his bladder. Radiotherapy is the use of high
energy X-rays which are focused on the area to be treated without affecting the
tolerance of surrounding normal structures.

Today, there are a number of sophisticated treatment techniques like IMRT, IGRT etc.
To achieve this aim using state of art linear accelerators.

Chemotherapy is the use of medicines given intravenously and is called systemic
treatment as it can kill cancer cells anywhere in the body.


Appropriate treatment in a good multidisciplinary hospital can result in curing more
than 50 per cent of patients. If the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, the results
are much better.










Stage 0- Non-invasive tumours that are only in the bladder lining
Stage I - Tumour goes through the bladder lining, but does not reach the muscle layer of
the bladder
Stage II - Tumour goes into the muscle layer of the bladder
Stage 111- Tumour goes past the muscle layer into tissue surrounding the bladder
Stage IV - Tumour has spread to neighbouring lymph nodes or to distant sites
(metastatic disease)

The TNM (Tumour, Nodes, Metastasis) staging system categorizes
bladder cancer using the following scale:
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