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131
Part 5: Employee Relations
Chapter 13: Health, Safety,
and Security
Prepared by Linda Eligh, University of Western Ontario
Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 132
Learning Objectives
After you have read this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Define health, safety, and security and the young
workers program.
2. Identify the basic provisions of occupational health and
safety legislation, recordkeeping, and inspection
requirements.
3. Discuss the issues surrounding hazard control
including WHMIS and ergonomics.
4. Explain workplace violence as a security issue and
describe some components of an effective security
program.
5. Discuss the activities that constitute effective safety
management.
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Learning Objectives
6. Describe three workplace health issues and how
employers are responding to them.
7. Specify several global health, safety, and security
concerns.
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Health, Safety, and Security
Health
A general state of physical, mental, and emotional
well-being.
Safety
A condition in which the physical well-being of people
is protected.
Security
The protection of employees and organizational
facilities.
Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 135
Typical Division of HR Responsibilities:
Health, Safety, and Security Fig. 13-1
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Occupational Safety and Health Legislation
Occupational Safety and Health Acts
All employees have three fundamental rights
Right to know
Right to participate
Right to refuse work
Duty of Employers, Owners and Contractors
Due diligence: Employers shall take all reasonable
precautions under the particular circumstances to
prevent injuries or accidents in the workplace.

Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 137
Occupational Health and Safety Legislation
Duties of Supervisors
Advising workers of possible hazards
Providing training and written instruction
Ensuring worker compliance with OH&S Act and use
or wearing of safety equipment, devices or clothing
Imposing discipline for continuous safety infractions
when necessary
Duties of Workers
Compliance with the OH&S Act and regulations. Use
safety equipment and clothes properly, follow all
safety procedures, report hazards and accidents, etc.
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Occupational Health and Safety Legislation
Duties of Joint Health and Safety Committee
Required in nine jurisdictions in Canada
Role is to provide a neutral environment where labour
and management can work together to create a safe
and healthy workplace
Require equal employee/employer representation
Required to meet regularly to deal with worker health
and safety concerns, identify risks, perform routine
workplace inspections and resolve work refusals
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Proportion of all Occupational Injuries by Province,
Territory 2000 Fig. 13-4
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Compensation
Rates and Methods
Social Goals
First Aid Requirements
And
Reporting to WCB
Controlling Costs
Workers
Compensation
Workers Compensation
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Proportion of Fatal Injuries by Industry Sectors Under
Federal Jurisdiction in Canada from 1998 to 2002 Fig. 13-5
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Occupational Health and Safety Legislation
Workplace Inspections
No warrant/notice required
Thorough examination of the physical condition of the workplace
by the inspector, usually accompanied by both employer and
worker representatives
Child Labour and Health and Safety
Concern for health and safety of young workers is real
Penalties for Violation of OH&S Law
Federally, person fines range between $100,000 to $1,000,000
and/or two years jail term on indictment
Corporation fine > $500,000
Bill C-45 will increase incidents of jail time

Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 1313
Hazard Control
Safety Hazards
Any force strong enough to cause injury in an
accident. An injury caused by a safety hazard is
usually obvious.
Occupational Health Hazard
Any material or condition that may cause
occupational injuries and/or illness. Includes
chemicals (addressed by WHMIS training), physical
agents, ergonomic hazards, and other stress agents.
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Occupational Health Hazards
Eliminate hazards
Control the hazard
Protect workers from the hazard
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information
System (WHMIS)
LABELS
MATERIAL AFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)
TRAINING
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Hazard Control
Lockout/tagout
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Ergonomics
Requirement that locks and tags be used to
make equipment inoperative for repair or
adjustment.
Study and design of the work environment
to address physiological and physical
demands on individuals.
Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a
hazard.
Cumulative Stress
Disorders (CTDs)
Protection from muscle and skeletal
injuries from repetitive tasks.
Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 1317
Workstation Design Fig. 13-7
Source: Information on this page was compiled by the DEA651 class of 2000 Bethany Johnson; Emily Kuperstein; Mari Mitchell; Heidi Tinnes; with Garrick Goh (TA)
and Professor Alan Hedge, Cornell University Ergonomics Website, November 2, 2002. Reprinted by permission.
Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 1318
Security
Top Security Concerns at Work:
Workplace violence
Internet/intranet security
Business interruption/disaster recovery
Fraud/white collar crime
Employee selection/screening concerns
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Security Concerns at Work
Domestic
Causes
Management
Responses
Workplace
Violence
Issues
Training in Detection
and Prevention
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Profile of a Potentially Violent Employee Fig. 13-8
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Security Management
Security
Audit
Controlled
Access
Computer
Security
Workplace
Security
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Safety Management
Inspection,
Investigation and
Evaluation
Safety Policies,
Discipline,
Record Keeping
Participation
(Safety
Committees)
Training
and
Communication
Organizational
Commitment and
a Safety Culture
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Approaches to Effective Safety Management Fig. 13-9
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Phases of Accident Investigation Fig. 13-10
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Employee Health and Wellness
Stress
Emotional/
Mental Health
Job Stressors
Reactions to
Stress
Workplace
Health
Issues
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Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Fig. 13-12
Source: Adapted from Hans Selye, The Stress of Life, McGraw-Hill, 1976. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reprinted by permission.
Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 1327
Substance Abuse
Substance abuse
Use of illicit substances or misuse of controlled
substances, alcohol, or other drugs

Substance Abuse, Testing and Legislation
strong reasonable cause
safety sensitive positions
accommodate the needs
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Common Signs of Substance Abuse Fig. 13-14
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Direct and Indirect Costs as a Result of Stress Fig. 13-15
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Employee Health and Wellness
Stress Management
Encompasses techniques to equip a person with
effective coping mechanisms for dealing with
psychological stress.
Workplace Air Quality
Sealed buildings, reduced airflow, inadequate
ventilation, airborne contamination, presence of
chemicals and substances.

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Employee Health and Wellness
Health Promotion
A supportive approach of facilitating and encouraging
healthy actions and lifestyles among employees.
Wellness Programs
Programs designed to maintain or improve employee
health before problems arise.
Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
Program that provides counseling and other help to
employees having emotional, physical, or other
personal problems.
Copyright 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 1332
Health Promotion Levels Fig. 13-16
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Global Health, Safety, and Security
Kidnapping and Ransom
Insurance
International Emergency
Health Services
International Security
and Terrorism
Employer
Concerns
Pandemics