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Battery Testing
NATEF Task List
P-1:
1. Perform battery state-of-charge test; determine needed
service.
2. Perform battery capacity test; confirm proper battery
capacity for vehicle application; determine necessary
action.
3. Maintain or restore electronic memory functions.
4. Inspect and clean battery cables, connectors, clamps, and
hold-downs; repair or replace as needed.
5. Start a vehicle using jumper cables and a battery or
auxiliary power supply.
P-2:
1. Inspect, clean, fill, and replace battery.
2. Perform slow/fast battery charge.
A typical battery showing
all of its component parts.
As a battery is dicharging the lead
peroxide, sponge lead and sulfuric
acid chemically react to each other.
This causes the positive & negative
plates to turn to lead sulfate.
The sulfuric acid turns to water.
As the battery is recharged,
the lead plates & acid return
to their original state.
As the battery is discharged,
the acid content decreases
and the water increases.
Lead-alloy grid.
The active battery
materials are pasted
onto these grids.
Absorbed Glass Mat Batteries
The acid used in an absorbed glass mat (AGM) battery is totally
absorbed into the separator making the battery leak proof and spill
proof.
The battery is assembled by compressing the cell about 20 percent,
then inserting it into the container. The compressed cell helps
reduce damage caused by vibration and helps keep the acid tightly
against the plates.
The sealed maintenance-free design uses a pressure release valve in
each cell. Unlike conventional batteries, called flooded cell batteries,
most of the hydrogen and oxygen given off during charging remains
inside the battery.
The separator or mat is only 90% to 95% saturated with electrolyte,
thereby allowing a portion of the mat to be filled with gas. There gas
spaces provide channels to allow the hydrogen and oxygen gases to
recombine rapidly and safely.
Because the acid is totally absorbed into the glass mat separator, an
AGM battery can be mounted in any direction. AGM batteries also
have a longer service life often lasting seven to ten years. ASM
batteries are also called sealed lead acid (SLA) batteries.
Maintenance-free.
Diagnostic
Story
Chemical reaction for a lead-acid battery
that is fully charged being discharged by
the attached electrical load.
SAFETY
TIP
Chemical reaction for a lead-acid
battery that is fully discharged being
charged by the attached generator.
Frequently
Asked Question
Frequently
Asked Question
As the battery becomes
discharged, the specific gravity
of the battery acid decreases.
Typical battery charge indicator.
If the specific gravity is low (battery discharged),
the ball drops away from the reflective prism.
When the battery is charged enough, the ball
floats and reflects the color of the ball (usually
green) back up through the sight glass and the
sight glass is dark.
When testing a battery using a hydrometer,
the reading must be corrected if the
temperature is above or below 80F (27C).
TECH
TIP
(a) Memory saver.
The part numbers represent
components from Radio Shack.
(b) A schematic drawing of the
same memory saver.
Some experts recommend using
a 12-volt lantern battery instead
of a small 9-volt battery to help
ensure that there will be enough
voltage in the event that a door
is opened while the vehicle
battery is disconnected.
Interior lights could quickly drain
a small 9-volt battery.
Jumper cable usage guide.
Notice that the last connection should be the engine block
of the disabled vehicle to help prevent the spark that
normally occurs from igniting the gases from the battery.
Courtesy of Fluke Corporation
Measuring battery electrical
drain using a multimeter set
to read DC amperes.
A capacitance-type battery
tester.
The up and down arrow keys are
used to answer questions about
the battery before it is tested.
END
OF
SHOW