IrDA

I NFRARED DATA ASSOCI ATI ON

outline
(IrDA) Infrared Data Association
Basics of Infrared
Infrared and Communication
IrDA Specifications
IrDA Application
Advantages and Disadvantages of IrDA

What is IrDA?
The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) defines physical specifications communications protocol
standards for the short-range exchange of data over infrared light, for uses such as personal area
networks (PANs).
The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) specifies three infrared communication standards: IrDA-
Data, IrDA-Control, and a new emerging standard called AIr.
IrDA is a very short-range example of free space optical communication.
Infrared and Communication
oFirst IrDA
o Specify a standard and a protocols for data transmission
oIrDA devices communicate using infrared LEDs
oWavelength ~ 875nm
oIrDA support data transmission of 1.15Mb/s and
4Mb/s


Figure 1. Wavelength Spectrum
IrPHY
Infrared Physical Layer Specification
The first (lowest) layer of the IrDA
specifications.
Range: standard: 1 m; low power to
low power: 0.2 m; standard to low
power: 0.3 m
Angle: minimum cone 15
Speed: 2.4 kbit/s to 1 Gbit/s

Modulation: baseband, no carrier
Infrared window
Wavelength: 875 30 nm
IrDA transceivers communicate with
infrared pulses (samples)
Cone extends 15 degrees half angle off
center
Require a minimum irradiance be
maintained.
IrLAP
The second layer of the IrDA specifications.
Represents the Data Link Layer of the OSI model.
Access control.
Discovery of potential communication partners.
Establishing of a reliable bidirectional connection.
Distribution of the Primary/Secondary device roles.
Negotiation of QoS Parameters.
On the IrLAP layer the communicating devices are divided into a Primary Device and one or
more Secondary Devices. The Primary Device controls the Secondary Devices. Only if the
Primary Device requests a Secondary Device to send is it allowed to do so.

IrLMP
The third layer of the IrDA specifications.
Consists of two parts:
The LM-MUX (Link Management Multiplexer) which lies on top of the IrLAP layer.
Provides multiple logical channels
Allows change of Primary/Secondary devices
The LM-IAS (Link Management Information Access Service).
Provides a list, where service providers can register their services.
Other devices can access these services via querying the LM-IAS.

Tiny TP and IrCOMM
Tiny TP
Tiny Transport Protocol.
Lies on top of the IrLMP layer.
Transport large messages by SAR (Segmentation and Reassembly)
Provides flow control by giving credits to every logical channel
IrCOMM
Infrared Communications Protocol.
Lets the infrared device act like either a serial or parallel port.
Lies on top of the IrLMP layer.
IrOBEX and IrLAN
IrOBEX
Infrared Object Exchange.
Provides the exchange of arbitrary data objects (e.g., vCard, vCalendar or even applications) between
infrared devices.
Lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, so Tiny TP is mandatory for IrOBEX to work.
IrLAN
Infrared Local Area Network.
Provides the possibility to connect an infrared device to a local area network.
There are three possible methods:
Access Point
Peer to Peer
Hosted
Lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, the Tiny TP protocol must be implemented for IrLAN to

IrSimple and IrSimpleShot
IrSimple
Improve the efficiency of the infrared IrDA protocol.
Achieves at least 4 to 10 times faster data transmission speeds.
A normal picture from a cell phone can be transferred within 1 second.
IrSimpleShot
Allow the millions of IrDA-enabled camera phones to wirelessly transfer pictures to printers, printer
kiosks, flat panel TV's.

General IrDA characteristics
Characteristics include:
Proven worldwide universal cordless connection.
Installed base of over 50 million units.
Wide range of supported hardware and software platforms.
Designed for point-to-point cable replacement.
Backward compatibility between successive standards.
Narrow angle (30 degree) cone, point-andshoot style applications. (Non-interference with othe
electronics and low-level security for stationary devices.)
High data rates; 4 Mbps currently, 16 Mbps under development.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Point-to-point
Line of sight
Transfer data up to 1m
Security
Low power consumption
Low cost

Disadvantages
Line of sight
One device at a time
Transfer rate 4Mbps
Have to keep the device stable
when transferring data
IrDA Application
Notebook, desktop, and handheld computers
Printers
Phones and pagers
Modems
Cameras
LAN access devices
Medical and industrial equipment
Watches
Summary
Provides specifications for a complete set of protocols for wireless infrared communications
Has been displaced by other wireless technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth for specific
applications.
Still used in some environments where interference makes radio-based wireless technologies
unusable
Widely install on 150 million units and growing at 40% annually.

References
[1] Dave Suvak, IrDA and Bluetooth: A Complementary Comparison, Copyright 2000, Extended
Systems, Inc.
[2] Behanzin Reid, Infrared Data Association and Bluetooth Technology EE566 presentation, The
Electrical Engineering Department, State University of New York.
[3] Siddharth Nath, Infrared Data Association at link
http://www.slideshare.net/bachtranxuan714/savedfiles?s_title=infrared-data-association-
4508201&user_login=siddharth4mba
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Association


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