PHYSICS

Year Physics Chemistry Biology

2009 24/50 (48%) 12/50 (24%) 14/50 (28%)
2010 29/50 (58%) 6/50 (12%) 15/50 (30%)
2011 27/50 (54%) 8/50 (16%) 15/50 (30%)
2013 25/50 (50%) 3/50 (6%) 22/50 (44%)
Scientist Famous For
William Gilbert (1544-1603) Earth is a Giant Magnet
Galileo Father of modern Astronomy
Copernicus Earth revolves around the Sun
Newton Theory of Gravitation and
Mechanics
Benjamin Franklin Characterized 2 types of charges
Henry Cavendish Discovered Hydrogen; calculated
Mass and Density of Earth
Coulomb Experiments on electricity and
Magnetism; established the force
between 2 charges
James Watt Steam Engine
Alessandro Volta Study of Electricity; first Electric
Battery
Micheal Faraday Electromagnetic Induction;
Transformer
Joseph Henry First Electric Motor
Inventor Invented
Thomas Edison Light Bulb
Wright Brother Aircraft
Franklin Electricity
Charles Babage First Mechanical Computer
James Watt Steam Engine
Alexander Bell Telephone
Karl Benz Petrol Powered Engine
John Browning Automatic and Semi-
Automatic Rifles
Rudolf Diesel Diesel Powered Engine
Willem Einthoven Electrocardiogram
Fleming Penicillin
Marconi Radio
Mendeleev Periodic Table
Wilhelm C. Rontgen Discovered X-rays
Units Measurement
Astronomical Unit (Au) Distance
Light Years Distance
Parsec Distance (=3.2 Light Yrs)
Ampere Current
Coulomb Charge
Ohm Resistance
Joule Work Done/Heat
Watt Power
Volt Electric Potential
Curie Radioactivity
Becquerel Radio Activity
Rad Absorbed Dose
Gray Abosrbed Dose
Roentgen Exposure
Units Measurement
Astronomical Unit (Au) Distance
Light Years Distance
Parsec Distance (=3.2 Light Yrs)
Ampere Current
Coulomb Charge
Ohm Resistance
Joule Work Done/Heat/Energy
Watt Power
Volt Electric Potential
Curie Radioactivity
Becquerel Radio Activity
Rad Absorbed Dose
Gray Abosrbed Dose
Roentgen Exposure
Force Newton
MATTER
Anything that occupies space and has
mass!
Classification of Matter :
What is a magnet?
It is an object that exhibits a strong magnetic
field and will attract materials like iron
it has 2 poles- North (North-seeking) and South
(South Seeking
N-end of Magnet points towards the Earths
North Magnetic Pole
What is the actual direction of Earths magnetic
field?
The present convention is that the North
Magnetic Pole of the Earth is the South pole of
the Magnetic substance of the Earths core
What is a charge?
A property of certain particles that will
experience a force in an electric
field/magnetic field
It is either positive/negative
It is measured in Coulombs (C)
Electrons= -1.6x10^-19
1 Coulomb = 6.25x10^18 electrons
Conservation of Charge?
It is not possible to destroy or create
charge
You can cancel the effect of a charge on a
body! But not destroy it
Current
It is the movement of charged particles
Definition: Rate of Flow of Charge is called
Current
In other words, amount of charge flowing
per second through a conductor
By convention, Electric Current flows in the
opposite direction to the movement of
electrons
It is measured in Amperes

Electric Potential: the amount of Electric
Potential Energy at a point is called
Electric Potential Energy
Electric Potential Difference: The different
in the Electric Potential Energy b/w 2 points
It is also known as voltage = the work done
per unit charge b/w 2 points
It is the opposition of the conductor the
flow of charge
Its unit is Ohm
Factors affecting Resistance:
Area of Cross Section of Conductor-
Decreases as it increases
Length of the conductor- increases as
length increases
Temperature- increases with increase in
temperature (metals)
Resistivity of the object
Resistors in Series:
The current is same through all
Voltage is different according to
Resistance
Total Voltage is the sum of voltages
across the resistors
Resistance is the sum of all the resistors

Resistors in Parallel:
Current is different
Potential Difference is the same across
all resistors
Combined Resistance is smaller than the
Smaller Resistor
Alternating Current
Direction continuously changes
Generated by a Generator
Used for transportation (No voltage drops
during transportation)
Frequency of 40Hz to 60Hz
Direct Current
Does not change direction
Generated by Battery
No Frequency

Energy
The ability to do work
Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed but it can be changed from one
form to another
Its unit is Joules
The following are the forms of Energy
Chemical- Energy stored in Fuel which is
released during Chemical Reactions
Kinetic Energy- Energy of a moving object
Gravitational Potential Energy- energy that an
object contains due to its position
Elastic (Strain) Potential Energy
Electrical Energy- Energy transferred by Current
Thermal Energy- energy due to temperature
(due to KE of particles)
Nuclear Energy- Energy stored in the Nucleus
Light Energy- Energy transferred through waves
and light particles
Sound Energy- Transferred via Sound Waves


Renewable Sources
Energy exists freely in nature
Some will exist infinitely (never run out and
thus Renewable)
Others will deplete (like coal etc.)
Sources are:
Biomass
Wind Energy
Hydro Energy
Geothermal
Solar
Marine
Wind is caused by huge convection current in
the Earths atmosphere
It is driven by the Suns energy
As long as the sun shines we will have Winds
and thus produce wind energy
Moving wind has KE
Converts the Potential Energy stored in water
to Kinetic Energy to run the Turbines

All matter is made up of molecules and atoms
The motion/vibration of these creates heat
All matter has this thermal Energy/Heat
The heat ceases to exist at Absolute Zero
Temperature
Its value is 0K or -273.15 degrees

How is heat transferred?
Heat can transfer from 1 place to another in 3
ways: Conduction, Convection and Radiation
Whenever there is a temperature difference
between 2 systems/bodies heat will be
transfered
It is the transfer of heat between substances
that are in direct contact with one another
The better the conductor, the more rapidly
heat will be transferred
Convection occurs when warmer areas of a
liquid or a gas rise to cooler areas in a liquid
or gas
The cooler liquid or gas takes the place of
the warmer gas/liquids
This leads to a convection current
Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does
not rely upon any contact between the heat
source and the object that is heated
It can be transmitted through empty spaces as
well

Suns heat reaching the surface of the earth