Made By Udit Balyan

10
th
-B
COTTON
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule,
around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is
almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in
seed dispersal.
The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the
world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The greatest diversity
of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and
Africa.[Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New
Worlds. The English name derives from the Arabic (al) qutn

, which
began to be used circa 1400 AD. The fiber is most often spun into yarn
or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton
for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric
dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and Pakistan.
Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton
gin that so lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use,
and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.
Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes
annually, accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. China is the
world's largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically.
The United States has been the largest exporter for many years.
RUBBER

Ficus elastica, also called the rubber fig, rubber bush, rubber
tree, rubber plant, or Indian rubber bush is a species
of plant in the fig genus, native to northeast India and southern
Indonesia.

It is a large tree in the banyan group of figs, growing to 3040 metres (98130 ft)
(rarely up to 60 metres / 200 feet) tall, with a stout trunk up to 2 metres (6.6 ft)
diameter. The trunk develops aerial andbuttressing roots to anchor it in the soil
and help support heavy branches. It has broad shiny oval leaves 1035
centimetres (3.914 in) long and 515 centimetres (2.05.9 in) broad; leaf size is
largest on young plants (occasionally to 45 centimetres / 18 inches long), much
smaller on old trees (typically 10 centimetres / 3.9 inches long). The leaves
develop inside a sheath at the apical meristem, which grows larger as the new leaf
develops. When it is mature, it unfurls and the sheath drops off the plant. Inside
the new leaf, another immature leaf is waiting to develop.
As with other members of the genus Ficus, the flowers require a particular species
of fig wasp to pollinate it in a co-evolved relationship. Because of this
relationship, the rubber plant does not produce highly colourful or fragrant
flowers to attract other pollinators. The fruit is a small yellow-green oval fig 1
centimetre (0.39 in) long, barely edible; it will only contain viable seed where the
relevant fig wasp species is present.
In parts of India, people guide the roots of the tree over chasms to eventually
form living bridges
JUTE
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse,
strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus,
which has been classified in the family Tiliaceae, or more recently
in Malvaceae. However, it has been reclassified within the family
Sparrmanniaceae.
Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to
cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres.
Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose
(major component of plant fibre) and lignin (major components of
wood fibre). It is thus a ligno-cellulosic fibre that is partially a
textile fibre and partially wood. It falls into the bast fibre category
(fibre collected from bast or skin of the plant) along with kenaf,
industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for
jute fibre is raw jute. The fibres are off-white to brown, and 14
metres (312 feet) long.