7.

1 Electrostatic
7.2 Electricity
7.3 Electric Current, Voltage, And Resistance
7.4 The Relationship Between Current,
Voltage And Resistance
7.5 Electric Circuits
7.6 Series Circuit
7.7 Parallel Circuit
7.8 Magnetism
7.9 Electromagnetism



What is
electrostatic?
Electrostatics is the study of static electrical
charges.
Static electricity is a build up of electrical charges that do
not move.
These charges can be positive or negative
Electron
Proton

Neutron
MODEL OF AN ATOM

Atom is a smallest particle in an element.
Atom has nucleus with e orbiting around.
Atom becomes
neutral when; no. of e = no. of proton
Negatively charged when; no.of e> no.of proton
Postively charged when; no. of proton > no. of e


How can static electrical
charges be produced?
Static electrical charges can be produced on a neutral
object by rubbing it with a different material ( woolen or silk
cloth )
Two different materials are rubbed, electron transfer
occurs

Atom lose
electron
Atom accept
electron
Positive charge
Negative charge
+ - + - + -
+ - +
- + -

Ruler
Cloth
+ - - + - +- - -
+ - + +
+ + - - +

Ruler

Cloth
After rubbing
Detecting static electrical charge

Detects by using electroscope

The properties of static electrical
charges


like charge - repel each another
unlike charges - attract one another.

LIKE CHARGE REPEL ONE ANOTHER.
UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT ONE ANOTHER.
Everyday phenomena related to static
electrical charge
1. Lightning

2. Lorry carrying petrol storage tank

What is
electricity?



Electricity is the flow of electrical energy (e)through a
conductor (wire) in one direction.
The continuous flow of electrons forms an electric current. The
strength of an electric current depends on the quantity of electron
flow in a unit time.
Thus, an electric current is defined as the rate of flow of
electrons in a conductor.



Source
Electric cells
Generator/
battery
Mechanical/ kinetic
electrical
energy
In power station usually run
by steam,gas/water

Chemical electrical
energy
Example : dry cells, lead
accumulators, mercury cell

CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE
electricity
Static electrical
charges
Electric current
Theres an excess/ deficiency of
ein an object
Flow of e through a conductor
Define as rate flow of charges.
What is Electric Current ????.....
Moving electric charge produces electric
current
It is produced when electrons flow in a certain
direction in a conductor.
Electric current is the rate of the flow negative
charges or electrons through a conductor
When large flow charges stronger the
current
Van De Graff generator and galvanometer is
used to measure electric current
What is Voltage ????.....
Electrical energy that is needed to enable
electrons to flow from one point to another in
conductor
Voltage produce force pushes electrons
through a circuit to produce electric current
What is Resistance ????.....
Resistance is the characteristic of material that
opposes the flow of electrons or electrical
charges
Difference conductors different resistance
High resistance allows only a small current to
pass through it
Good conductor low resistance ( ex: copper &
aluminium)
Poor conductor High resistance ( ex : resistor )



Resistant in conductors depend on :
Length of conductor
Diameter or thickness ofconductor
Type of conductor

Direction of electron flow and current in an
electric circuit
Direction of electric current is from the positive
terminal to the negative terminal
The direction of electron flow is the opposite of the
direction of electron current
The flow of electron from the negative terminal to
positive terminal of a cell
ELECTRIC CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND
RESISTANCE
Galvanometer detect flow of current


voltage
Use ammeter
Deflection pointer of ammeter
value of current flowing
through the bulb / other parts of
circuit
Unit SI ampere ( A )
resistance
SI unit ohm ( )
Electric
current
Use voltmeter
Deflection value of
voltage across the bulb
SI unit volt ( V )
Ammeter Voltmeter