Notes for the week of

12/2-12/6
Course # 0025/0015
Good morning! Todays class will be a little different. Read the instructions
carefully.
Pick up an Editing Checklist from the front desk. Look at
the photograph. Imagine the employee who put this sign
up. Was it a guy or a girl? Young or old? Angry or funny?
What about the boss? Grumpy or stressed? Nice or mean?
Why did the boss tell the employee to Change the stupid
sign? Why did the employee decide to write this on the
sign? Tell the storywhat led up to this sign change? What
happened when the boss found out? What did the
customers say? Was it a fight? Was it just a big joke?

Be as creative as you can. Give your characters names,
personalities, and descriptions using interesting adjectives
and adverbs. Make sure each paragraph has no fewer than
3 sentences and no more than 5 sentences. Do not forget a
catchy title! Please skip lines when writing so that your
classmates will have plenty of room for editing.

When you are done, read over your paper and see if you
can find your own mistakes and correct them. Next, we will
trade papers and you will get to be the editor for someone
elses paper. Write your name and rough draft at the top.
Parts of Speech
A Plan to use words appropriately
What are parts of speech?
Parts of speech are the way words are identified
They are what tell you HOW to use a word that you
dont know in a sentence.
Heres a few different kinds
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Article
Conjunction
Preposition
Pronoun
Nouns
A noun is a word that represents a person, a place, a thing, or an idea
There are three forms of nouns:
Proper Nouns
Regular Nouns
Pronouns

Nouns
Regular nouns are things that you can touch, taste, feel, see, hear or
think about, but dont have specific names:
Examples:
Person: boy, girl, man, woman, child, adult
Place: city, home, house, building, class, mall
Thing/object: cat, dinner, chair, toy, razor, shoes, pen
Idea: love, happiness, hunger, pain

Proper Nouns
A proper noun is the actual name of a person, place, object or idea, and have
very specific, unique names:
They usually start with a capital letter
Person: Bob, Sally, Jenny, Tom,
Place: The White House, Harper Creek, Lakeview Mall
Object/Thing: Fluffy, Fido, Bic pen, Venus razor, Trapper Keeper, Adidas
Idea: Transcendentalism, Materialism, Marxism,
Pronouns
A pronoun is when a person or thing becomes non-specific, you
could be talking about anything, a person, place, object or thing:
Person: he, she, them, they, her, their, his, we
Place: it, there
Object, thing: that, it, those, they
Idea: it, they, that
Nouns
The thing to remember about any type of noun is that nouns are
what DO the action, they arent the action
Dogs (the noun) bark
The mall (the noun) contains shops
A pen (the noun) writes
Verbs
Verbs are the action words, they are the words that represent what
nouns DO.
Run, walk, jump, dance, eat
There are several tenses of verbs, four of which well talk about:
Infinitive
Present tense
Past tense
Present/past participle
The Infinitive
The infinitive of a verb is what foreign languages use.
It has a to in front of the action word.
Infinitive verbs are anything a person or thing can go
to DO:

To dance
(the verb is dancewith a to in front of the verb, it becomes the
infinitive form of the verb)
To walk
To talk
To run
Present tense verbs
Present tense verbs are verbs that you, someone, or
something are doing right now:
Eat
Run
Jump
Talk
Dance
Its the same verb as the infinitive, but without the to

Past Tense Verb
A past tense verb is a verb that has occurred in the
pastawhile ago.
They usually end with ed, unless the word is
irregular.
Ate (an irregular verb, we dont say I eated)
Talked
Ran
Jumped
Danced

Participles
The present participle tense of a verb expresses action that occurs
now.
Verbs that are present participle usually end in ing:
Walking
Talking
Running
Jumping
Dancing

Participle
Participle tense is used when the action, what the
person is doing, isnt the main event of the sentence:
A dog bit me. (this is what Im wanting to tell my friends)
I was walking when a dog bit me. (walking is a present
participle verb because its the action I was taking when
the event I wanted to tell about occurred.)

Present/Past Participle
The only difference between present and past
participle tense is in the helping verb that goes along
with the ing verb.
For the participle, Walking: You dont say I walking
You say, I AM walking (this is present)
You can say, I WAS walking (this is past)
Am is the present tense, was is the past tense, this decides the
tense of the participle.
Adverbs
An Adverb is a word that describes a verb
It usually ends in ly
It usually comes AFTER the verb
(ran) Quickly
(jumped) Swiftly
(talked) Harshly
(danced) Stupendously

Adjectives
An Adjective is a word that describes a noun
It usually comes BEFORE the noun
Big (house)
Pretty (girly)
Tired (boy)
Soft (bunny)

To remember adjectives and adverbs
Think about the make-up of each word
AD VERB
AD JECT ive
An ad in a newspaper or magazine is a picture or
saying that lets the reader know the details of an
object or an event.
Therefore, we know that adverbs and adjectives are
words that let the reader know the details of a
specific object or event that they are in front of or
behind
Verbs and nouns
We know that verbs are words that show an action
We know that nouns are the subJECT of a sentence...
Adverbs and Adjectives
Therefore, an ADVERB is a word that advertises the action, or verb, of
a sentence:
An ADJECTIVE is a word that advertises the subject, or noun, of a
sentence
Articles
An article is a word that points out a noun:
The, a, that, those, this, an
It usually comes before the noun:

AN apple
THAT cat
THOSE boots
THIS door
Conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins other words or ideas together:
And, but, then, therefore
It usually comes when there are two or more thoughts or items

Apples AND bananas
Ill go to the store, THEN to the bank.
Prepositions
A preposition is a word that links a noun or subject or shows the
relationship of a noun or subject to some other word in the sentence.
It is usually anything you can do to a cloud:
Above, after, by, through, to, toward, beside, from, in, into, within, upon, etc
Preposition
If the noun is CAT
And the verb is walk
The preposition is the word that tells the reader WHERE the cat
walked:
The cat walked ACROSS the road.
Now, put them together
If the noun is CAT
And the verb is WALK
The adjective is FAT
The adverb is SWIFTLY
The conjunction is THE
And the preposition is ACROSS

Whats the sentence?
THE FAT CAT WALKED SWIFTLY ACROSS the street.

Now, try to identify the parts of speech from the following sentences:
Examples
They ate big Quarterpounders and large fries for lunch.
My class is talking loudly.
There are three types of fruit here, bananas, apples, and grapes.