SEMINAR

ON
BUBBLE POWER
THE REVOLUTIONARY
NEW
ENERGY SOURCE





BY:
VISHNU.S
ROLL.NO.4428
S7.ME
INTRODUCTION
Sonofusion Research team from various
organizations have joined forces to create
acoustic fusion technology energy consortium
(AFTEC) to promote the development of
sonofusion.
It was derived from a related phenomenon,
sonoluminescence.
Sonofusion involves tiny bubbles imploded by
sound waves can make hydrogen nuclei fuse-and
may one day become a revolutionary new energy
source.
SONOLUMINESCENCE
When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by
ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short
flashes of light suggestive of extreme
temperatures inside the bubble.

These flashes of light, known as
sonoluminescence, occur as the bubble
implodes, or cavitates.

Chemical reactions occurs .
THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION
Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement
fusion.

In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled
flask send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting
the motion of tiny gas bubbles.

High temperatures and pressure speculated at the
bubble core .

This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear
fusion.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Pyrex flask
Vacuum pump
Piezoelectric crystal
Wave generator
Amplifier
Neutron generator
Neutron and gamma ray detector
Photomultiplier
Microphone & speaker


HOW SONOFUSION WORKS
Action of vacuum pump.

Fill the flask with deuterated acetone.

For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz
applied to the ring.

Fire a pulsed neutron generator.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)
Neutrons flying through
the flask create a bubble
cluster in the deuterated
acetone liquid.

Stage (2)
The negative pressure in
the liquid makes the
bubbles swell 100000
times in size (from nano
to millimeter-scale).
Stage (3)
The liquid pressure
turns positive and
compresses the
bubble, causing them
to implode with great
violence.
Stage(4)
The implosion creates
an instantaneous
pressure of 10 trillion
kilopascals and
temperature of more
than 100 million
degree C, making the
deuterium fuse.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
FUSION REACTION
Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable
outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium
and a proton.
The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in
a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity
generator.
EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT
TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION
DEVICE

We gather two kinds of evidence that the
deuterium is fusing.

The first is by measuring levels of another
hydrogen isotope tritium

The second is neutron emissions detected by
the neutron detector.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
OTHER APPROACHES
Mainly two types:

Laser beam technique.

Magnetic confinement fusion
ADVANTAGES
It is self sustaining.
Easily control.
Produce more energy than it consumes.
Low cost.
Easily available raw materials.
Environmental friendly.
APPLICATIONS
The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new
source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost
energy.

Compact detectors for security applications.

To analyze molecular structure of materials.

Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic
materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for
medical imaging to watch dials.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Fully self-sustained.

neutrons
Contd
To create a full-size electricity producing
nuclear generator.

CONCLUSION
For more than half a century,
thermonuclear fusion has held out the
promise of cheap, clean and virtually
limitless energy.
REFERENCE
IEEE spectrum ,MAY 2005.
www.purdue.edu
www.iter.org
www.washington.edu