Precipitation Gravimetric

Method

Lismaryani Bertin
 Solubility

Calculation Precipitation

Prec Grav

Heating Filtration

Washing
The precipitate must be
1. So insoluble
No loss in filtration
Quantity remaining in solution < 0,1 mg
2. Readily separated by filtration
Can be washed free of soluble impurities
The size is big enough
3. Convertible into a pure substance of
definite chemical composition
Solubility

Maximum amount of substance could

be dissolved (solute) in a volume of
solvent at a certain temperature

Mg/100 mL
Mole/L
g/L
Factors

1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Complex formation
4. Common ion effect
Solubility Product
Product of the total molecular concentration
of the ions is constant at constant
temperature
Ksp = Constant of Solubility Product

AnBm n A+ +m B-

Ksp of AnBm = [A+]n [B-]m

Ksp is specific for every electrolyte

Precipitation

In any concentration of electrolyte,

(the concentration unknown) product
of molecular concentration (hkk)
could be:
Hkk < Ksp
Hkk =Ksp
Hkk > Ksp
What will happen?
Hkk < Ksp
The solution is unsaturated

Hkk = Ksp
The solution is saturated

Hkk > Ksp

The solution is supersaturated
Saturated

Quantity of the solute is

exactly the same as the
solubility
Unsaturated

Quantity of the solute is less

than the solubility, so the
solution can solve more
solute
Supersaturated

Quantity of the solute is more than the

solubility (the condition is abnormal),
the solution will produce precipitate if
the condition change to normal
Exercise

1. Calculate the solubility product of

silver chloride. The solubility is
0,0015 gram/litre.
2. 100 mL of 0,01 M AgNO3 solution
mixed with 10 mL of 0,001 NaCl
solution. Find out if there is any
precipitate or no!
Ksp of AgCl is 10-10
Supersaturation
important part in determining the
particle size of a precipitate
Von Weimarn’s formula
v is proportional to (Q-S)/S
v is the velocity of precipitation
where Q is the total concentration
and S is the equilibrium solubility,
Q-S will denote the super saturation
What is the correlation of v and the
size of precipitate?

Larger the v, less the size of

precipitate

To make the size bigger, we should

make v is less
v will be least if :
(Q-S)/S is as small as possible

How?
Make the Q very small (dilute
solution, add the precipitating agent
slowly, keep stirring)
Make the S very big (rise the
temperature)
General Rules of
Conditions of Precipitation
1. Dilute solution ( solubility of precipitate,
time for filtration, minimize co
precipitation)
2. Mixed slowly with constant stirring and
small excess (keep the degree of super
saturation small, large crystal)
3. Hot solution (solubility, coagulation,
velocity of crystallization
Addition…

4. Digesting for crystalline precipitate

5. Washing the precipitate with
appropriate solution
6. Re-precipitation if needed