PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS:

Vision Screening for School Children in Tarlac

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Sight for the Eyes to Behold
If you were to choose, which sense
organ would you least likely want to
lose?
Your sense of touch ?
Your sense of smell ?
Your sense of taste ?
Your sense of hearing ?
Your eyesight ?
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Childhood Blindness: Why is it a priority?
Children who are born blind or who becomes blind
and survives have a lifetime of blindness ahead.

Many of the causes of childhood blindness are either
preventable or treatable.

Many of the conditions associated with childhood
blindness are also causes of child mortality.
(premature birth, measles, congenital rubella,
vitamin A deficiency, meningitis)
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Implication of Childhood Visual Impairment
A visually impaired child:
May need a lifetime of home care
Will require special and costly education
Will need continuous specialized ophthalmic care
Will have social development curtailed
Will have limited career choices
Likely to be less economically productive
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Vision 2020 Philippines priority areas:
1. Cataract
2. Errors of Refraction
3. Childhood Blindness
4. Vitamin A deficiency

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Childhood visual impairment:
The Philippine Picture

Philippine population:
92.7 million ( as of 2008 )
0-14 yrs : 31.98% or 32
million

32 million X 0.12% = 37,200
blind Filipino children
who are < 14 years old
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Eye Care Personnel
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Barangay Health
Workers
Community
Health Nurses
Teachers
Volunteers

MID-LEVEL:
Pediatricians, Family
medicine
Community MDs
Optometrists
General
Ophthalmologists

Ophthalmology
residents
Subpecialists
Control of Visiual Loss in Children
Involves Good Primary Health Care
Services for immunization
Maternal & Child health care
Health education
Good nutrition
Availability of essential drugs
Clean water supplies
Good sanitation
Control of endemic diseases
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EYE SCREENING ACTIVITY with the
VITAL PARTICIPATION of teachers aim
to reduce visual loss in the school
setting.

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External and Internal Parts of the
Eye
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Anatomy of the Eye
How do we see?
How do we see?
How do we see?
Let Us Review
The Normal Eye vs. Abnormal Eye
Important Rules for a NORMAL Healthy Eye
1.The WHITE part
( CONJUNCTIVA-SCLERA )
must be WHITE.
2. The CLEAR part
( CORNEA ) must be
CLEAR.
3. The BLACK part
( PUPIL ) must be BLACK.
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Important Rules for a Healthy Eye
4. The EYELIDS should
open and close
properly.

5. The VISION must be
GOOD.

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An Abnormal Eye
Common Problems Referable to
the Eye
Common Eye Problems or Complaints
1. Redness of the eye
2. Secretions ( tearing, discharge or crusting )
3. Disturbances in vision
4. Eye pain or discomfort
5. Lumps or bumps; growths or cysts in the eyelid
or on the eyeball
6. Injury to the eye
7. Misaligned or crooked eye
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A. Redness of the Eye
Conjunctivitis commonly referred to as
sore eyes

Redness described as namumula

Blood in the eye described as dumugo
or may pasa
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Namumulang Mata
B. Secretions
Tearing described as nagluluha
Secretions or Discharge described as
nagmumuta o may muta
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C. Disturbances in Vision
Blurring of Vision ( panlalabo or nanglalabo )
Cloudy vision ( maulap o may ambon )
Darkening of vision or black outs ( nandidilim o
nawawala ang paningin )
Sudden diminished vision ( biglang lumabo )
Loss of functional vision or blindness
Flashes of light ( may kumikislap )
Floaters ( may lumulutang )

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D. Eye Pain or Discomfort
Smarting sensation ( mahapdi )
Grittiness or sandy sensation ( may buhangin,
magaspang )
Globe pain ( masakit buong mata )
Periocular discomfort ( mabigat or parang
dinidiinan )
Sensation of dryness ( nanunuyo )
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Other Discomfort referable to the Eye
Lid heaviness ( mabigat talukap or parang
inaantok )
Dizziness ( hilo )
Headache ( masakit ang ulo )
Itchiness ( pangangati ng mata )
Sensation of stickiness ( malagkit ang
mata )

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E. Lumps, Bumps, Cysts or Growths
Tumors
Lumps in the eyelid
Lumps or cysts in the lids
or adjacent areas
Stye ( kuliti )
Fleshy mass on the eye
growing into the cornea
( pugita )
Yellowish bump or lump
near the cornea
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F. Injuries to the Eye
Foreign Body
Blunt injury ( poked,
bumped, boxed )
Sharp injury or Cuts
Burns ( thermal or
electrical )
Chemical injury or burns
Associated with facial
injuries as in vehicular
accidents

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REFRACTIVE ERRORS/ LOW VISION
BASIC EYE SCREENING in the Community
SCREENING Objectives:
1. Differentiate a normal from an abnormal eye
2. Detect members of the school with
eye complaints or vision problems
( Do gross examination and vision screening )
3. Refer students with eye problems.

COMPONENTS OF SCREENING:
1. Vision Testing
2. External eye examination
Vision Screening for
Children involves
DISTANCE visual acuity
testing
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Visual Acuity Chart in the Philippines
Distance (Far Vision)
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Bailey-Lovie /
National Eye Institute Chart Snellen Chart
Linaw Tingin Vision Screening
for Children: Distance Vision
Modified Bailey-Lovie VA Screening Chart for
children testing distance = 4 meters

Important Rules when Testing
Vision
Correct Set-up
Chart is well lighted,
at eye level and
located at proper
testing distance
Student is cooperative
and comfortable
Record findings properly

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Test one eye at a time
Always do RIGHT EYE
first
Ensure other eye is
adequately covered.
Test child with their
eyeglasses on ( still one
eye at a time ) to check if
their glasses are still OK
or not

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Corneal Light Reflex Test
NORMAL
Reflection at the CENTER
and SYMMETRICAL

Materials needed:
Penlight
Dim room
Procedure
Sit the child 2-3 feet away
from examiner
Shine a light towards both
eyes
Observe where the
reflection fall on the cornea
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NORMAL
What do you notice?
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What do you notice?
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What do you notice?
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Kapit bisig tayo mangarap: Malinaw na
paningin para sa lahat ng Kabataan!!