Mushtaq

Introduction
Parameters of electrospining process


This process involves the ejection of a charged polymer fluid onto an
oppositely charged surface.
Multiple polymers can be combined
Control over fiber diameter and scaffold architecture
year Author Achievmentts
1914 Zeleny The first one observed
the spinning
behavior of conducting
polymer solution in
electric field
1934 Formhal

The first patent about
electrospinning
process
1996

Reneker &
Chun

The probability of
electrospinning using
different kind of polymer
solution was
proved.
1981

Larrondo &
Manley

Investigation of
electrospinning using
melting polymer
Polymer Solvent
Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6 Formic Acid
Polyacrylonitrile Dimethyl Formaldehyde
PET Trifluoroacetic acid/Dimethyl chloride
PVA Water
Polystyrene DMF/Toluene
Nylon 6 co-polyamide Formic Acid
Polybenzimidazo Dimethyl acetamide


1. Solution properties,
2. Controlled variables
3. Ambient parameters
Viscosity
o one of the biggest determiners of fiber size and morphology
o The diameter of the fibers by increasing solution viscosity.
Conductivity,
o Increasing the solution conductivity or charge density can be used to
produce more uniform fibers.


Surface Tension
The addition of ethanol to PEO and PVA solutions lowered the surface tension.
Another approach to reducing the surface tension of polyurethaneurea solutions was
to add polydimethylsiloxane, but no significant effect in fiber morphology was
observed
polymer molecular weight
o Increasing molecular weight reduced the number of beads and droplets
Additionally,PMMA with a narrow molecular weight distribution gave uniform fibers at
a lower concentration than those with
larger molecular weight distributions.
Flow rate
o Lower flow rates yielded fibers with smaller diameters
o High flow rates produced fibers that were not dry upon reaching the Collector
Electric field strength
o At too high voltage, beading was observed Correlation between voltage and fiber
diameter was ambiguous



Distance between tip and collector
o A minimum distance was required to obtain dried fibers
o At distances either too close or too far, beading was observed


Needle tip design
Using a coaxial, 2-capillary spinneret, hollow fibers were produced
Multiple needle tips were employed to increase throughput

Collector composition and geometry
Smoother fibers resulted from metal collectors; more porous fiber structure was
obtained using porous collectors.
Aligned fibers were obtained using a conductive frame, rotating drum or a wheel-like
bobbin collector.
Yarns and braided fibers were also obtained




Temperature,
Increased temperature caused a decrease in solution viscosity, resulting in smaller
fibers

Humidity,
Increasing humidity resulted in the appearance of circular pores on the fibers
http://www.thefutureisnear.org/student_rese
arch/current_research/documents/drugencap
sulation/xq21.pdf
http://www.che.vt.edu/Wilkes/electrospinnin
g/electrspinning.html
http://www1.uprh.edu/npinto/papers/1ncur
2001.pdf
http://physicsworld.com/cws/event/17158
http://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposal
DB/doc-118.pdf