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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Human body can be compared to Combustion
Engine.
In Combustion Engine
Fuel O2 Co2 + Energy (Results in
locomotion)
In Humans
FOOD O2 Energy(which causes
muscles movement) + by products like CO2,
H2O, Lactic acid, Urea, Creatinin.(They pass out
through Lungs, kidneys, skin)
Digestive System provides the Fuel. (food
Nutrients)
Respiratory System Provides O2
Factory is Cell
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BREAHING CYCLE
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ANATOMY
Nasal Cavity continues into a space behind
the nose (Nasophyrnx)
Nasophyrnx continues into Larynx (Top
of wind pipe)
Larynx is protected by Epiglottis which
does not allow passage of food or water
into wind pipe.
In Larynx are vocal cords which help in
speech and raising of voice.
Larynx Trachea consists of
incomplete cartilage ring.
Divide
Two Bronchi (one for each lung)
Bronchoile
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HOW RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
WORKS
2. Vital Capacity = VC ___ the amount of air exhaled
maximally after maximum inspiration.
Normally ¾ of VC is expelled in 1st sec and the
rest in next 2 seconds
Health = FEV1/ VC = > 70 %
FEV1____ largest volume which can be
expired from full inspiration in one second
Health => 3.5 L 75 % of force
vital capacity.
Residual Volume _____ the amount of remaining air
after maximum expiration.
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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CONTENTS OF BLOOD
Watery Portion __________ Plasma Contains digested parts of food.
Solid Portion ___________1. RBC (Red Blood Cells)
Carriers of O2, CO2
Hb___ four iron rings are attached to
globin
O2 is loosely and reversibly bound to it
CO2 is bound to it
CO has great affinity for Hb and
binds to it very quickly(Engine exhaust
coming into car, with windows closed)
2. WBC____ defense of Body
3. Platelet ___ help in clothing works.
Blood Group Antigen Anti body
A A B
B B A
AB AB -
O - AB
Next slide
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BLOOD CIRCULATION
UNOXYGENATED BLOOD
RIGHT ATRIUM
TRICUSPID VALVE
PULMONARY ARTERIES
(UNOXYGENATED BLOOD)
LUNGS
(BLOOD IS OXYGENATED +
CO2 WASHED OUT)
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BLOOD CIRCULATION
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
(OxyBlood)
Lt Atrium
Bicuspid (Mitral
Valve)
Lt Ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta (Oxy Blood)
Venules
Veins
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BLOOD CIRCULATION
Heart Beat 75 / min each cycle
60 / 75= 0.8 sec/ cycle
(contracts 0.3 sec and relax .5 sec)
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Next slide
S.A. node
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Cardiac output
Cardiac output :
Amount of blood ejected out per minute
Stroke Volume x Rate
At rest = 5 liters / min
Exercise = 35 liters / min
Heart can pump much more blood what is
needed…so if less blood is reaching is
usually some fault in transporting vessels
(Arteries which may narrow because of
deposition of cholesterol, clot, etc, etc)
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Cardiac output
Arteries have muscular walls, hence maintains
systolic pressure till it reaches consumer organs
(cells).
Veins ____ large cross section , so less resistance to
flow.
Blood from feet to heart ____ valve in veins directs
and control upward flow. Calf muscles are called
external heart contraction, squeezes blood upwards.
When some muscles working simultaneously requires
more blood.
Such demand met by an increase in Cardiac output,
diverting blood from less important organ, such as
skin.
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THANK YOU
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