HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS

CONTENTS:-
Reciprocation Circuits

Quick return Circuits

Sequencing Circuits

Synchronizing Circuits

Accumulator Circuits

Press Circuits
RECIPROCATION CIRCUITS
Which produces continuous
reciprocation of a hydraulic
cylinder, this is achieved by using
two sequence valves.
When the DCV is in its left mode,
the oil goes to the rod end of the
cylinder and the piston retracts.
The check valve prevents the
shifting of the DCV until the
completion of the stroke and
pressure build up and opens the
sequence valve1.
So the pilot signal shifts the DCV
to its right mode and oil goes to
the blank end of the cylinder and
the piston extends.

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At the end of
stroke, the
pressure
builds-up and
open the
sequence
valve 2 and
pilot signal
shifts the DCV
to its left
mode.
RECIPROCATION CIRCUITS

Check valves are required to allow the pilot
oil to drain out either end of the DCV while
pilot pressure is applied on the other end.
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
A hydraulic circuit having two or more
cylinder has some kind of sequence operation.
This sequencing of hydraulic cylinder motion
may be accomplished in a number of ways.
Whatever means are utilised, it is important to
remember that while designing a sequential
circuit the least number of components that are
required to do the job satisfactorily should be
employed.
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
A cam operated two
position four way
control valve when
used in conjunction
with a manually
operated four way
control valve gives a
positive sequence of
operations.
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
SEQUENCING CIRCUITS
SYNCHRONIZING CIRCUITS
Many times in hydraulic machines, some object or
platform is to be lifted with the help of two or more
hydraulic cylinders simultaneously. In such cases it
becomes absolutely necessary that both the
cylinder move in unison.

There are many ways of synchronizing the
mechanical motions of the actuators.

Tie Cylinder Series Piping
Matching Pumps Flow Control Valves
Dividing Motors
SYNCHRONIZING CIRCUITS
This arrangement gives a
reasonably accurate
synchronism.
Fluid from the pump is
delivered to the blank end
of cylinder 1 and fluid from
the rod end of the cylinder1
is delivered to the blank end
the of the cylinder 2.
Fluid returns to the tank
from the rod end of
cylinder2 via the DCV. Thus
the cylinders are hooked in
series.
SYNCHRONIZING CIRCUITS
For the two cylinders to
be synchronized the
piston area of cylinder2
must be equal to the
difference between
areas of piston and rod
for cylinder1.
ACCUMULATOR CIRCUITS
Accumulator is used as a compensator for internal
or external leakage during an extended period of
time during which the system is pressurized but is
not in operation.

The circuit shows an accumulator being used as a
leakage compensator in a basic hydraulic circuit to
its left mode, the oil flows to the bank end of the
cylinder. The piston extends contacting the work.
ACCUMULATOR CIRCUITS
Pressure builds-up and
oil fills the accumulator.
When the maximum
pressure is reached,
contacts on pressure
switch open and stop
the pump motor.
ACCUMULATOR CIRCUITS
The leakage
replacement oil is
drained from the
accumulator to the
cylinder during the
extended period of
time.
The maximum length of
time is determined by
the volume of the
accumulator and the
leakage of the oil past
the spool of the DCV
and the cylinder.
ACCUMULATOR CIRCUITS


Finally, when pressure
drops to the maximum
pressure setting of the
pressure switch, it
closes the electric
circuit of the pump
motor.

ACCUMULATOR CIRCUITS
The check valve is placed
between the pump and
accumulator so that the pump
will not reverse when the
motor is stopped and will not
permit all the accumulator
charge drain back into the
power.
With this circuit the only time
the power unit operates is
when the pressure drops to
an unsafe operating level.
This saves electric power and
reduces heat in the system.
PRESS CIRCUITS
The hydraulic operations of a press are as follows.

I. Forward motion of arm
II. Pressing motion of arm
III. Decompress the press
IV. Reverse motion of arm
V. Safety operations
PRESS CIRCUITS
FORWARD MOTION OF RAM

When side 1 of the direction control valve is
actuated, it directs the fluid to the blank end of the
small jack rams. The sequence valve (D) will
prevent fluid flow into the main ram until a certain
minimum pressure is reached. As the fluid enters
the jack ram, it causes the platen to move
downward. Now the main ram acts as a pump and
the vacuum created in the main ram is nullified by
the atmospheric present causing the fluid to flow
through the pilot check valve (1) and the main ram
to move.
PRESS CIRCUITS
PRESSING MOTION OF RAM
When the platens meet the material to be
pressed, a resistance is formed. This raises the
fluid pressure, causing the sequence valve (D) to
open and the full pressure will be effective on both
the jack ram and the main ram. Full tonnage will be
provided between the platens, Next, the pressure
compensatory of the pump short strokes the pump (
holding the pressure) when a desired maximum
pressure is attained. This causes the pressure
switch (H) to create a signal at a pressure valve
which is less than the maximum value created by the
pump control. The signal from the pressure switch
(H) will start a timer that times out at a pre
determined period. After that this de-energises side
1 of direction control valve (B) and activates side 2.
PRESS CIRCUITS
DECOMPRESS THE PRESS

Now the fluid is directed by side 2 to the rod side of
the jack ram through the check valve of counterbalance
valve (C). Also this pressure opens the pilot operated
unloading valve ( E) which allows the flow from the main
ram. This causes all the stresses in the press to be
relieved and the pressure to drop to a low value. This is
known as decompression of the press. The needle valve
(F) used in conjunction with the unloading valve (E)
establishes the amount of flow required to decompress
the press in the proper time interval
PRESS CIRCUITS
REVERSE MOTION OF RAM

After the decompression, the pilot pressure opens
the pilot check valve (I) and permits the fluid to exit from
the main ram. At this time, the platen can rise and open
the press making it ready for unloading and reloading.
When the platen reaches the upper level of travel, it
contacts a limit switch that causes the solenoid of the
direction control valve to de-energise
PRESS CIRCUITS
SAFETY OPERATIONS

If the direction control valve is in the neural
position, the weight of the ram and the platen can
cause the machine to close too fast and damage the
machine parts. Further, if the spool in B were to
develop a slight leak it might lead to undesirable
movement of the machine members. For this reason,
a counterbalanced valve (C) is provided to hold the
ram in position
PRESS CIRCUITS
If for any reason valve (C) fails to open, fluid would
be locked within the spool side of the jack rams. The
resistance caused by this locked fluid would cause the
supply fluid to open a path through the sequence valve
(D) and full force would be exerted on the main ram.
With intensification, enormous pressure might be
developed. This pressure will cause damage to the rod
end of the jack. To prevent this damage, a safety valve
(G) is provided. This valve opens when the pressure is
above the normal expected working levels. This valve
whistles loudly when flow passes through it. This
whistle noise indicates to the operator that an error has
occurred.
PRESS CIRCUITS
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