Prof Shashikant Kumar

School of Planning, Bhaikaka Centre for Human

Settlement
APIED
Lecture: 24
th
July 2013, IRMA (ANAND)
Urban Development
Land Management
Development of People (Social-Economic)
Facility Planning and Management
Urban Planning Short Term and Long Term

Urban Distinction
Demographic
Physical
Socio-Economic
Administrative
Factors Influencing Urbanisation
Half a century ago, Karl Polanyi wrote of "the
fatal irreversibility of urbanization".
Urbanization is an inevitable outcome of
economic development policies.
No nation in modern history has managed to
attain sustained levels of per capita income
growth without a massive transfer of
population from land to city.
6 : 30 : 65
6 percent of Countrys Area is under urban use approx. 2,05,000 Sq.km
30 percent of Population - Urban Density 1400 persons/sq.km
65 percent of Economy

It means

Each Sq. Km of urban land and Every 1,400 urban residents
Contribute:

~ Rs. 4 crore to the GDP

Not Rocket Science.just Urban Planning
More than 50% of the world lives in cities
They have come to the forefront of policy for
energy and climate change.
More than 70% of our growing population is
expected to live in cities in the next 50 years.
In sub-Saharan Africa more than 60% of people
live in slum-like conditions. This compares to
35% in Asia, 24% in Latin America, and 6% in
the countries with advanced economies.

Illegal Construction
Undesirable Land use
Lack of Water Sources &
Availability
Lack of Sanitation & Disposal
Shortage of Housing leading
to Slums
Inadequate Infrastructure
Network
Lacks proper public
Transport
High Pollution levels Air,
Water & Noise

The neglect of cities: Unhygenic City Environment
The neglect of cities: lack of investments
The neglect of cities: degeneration of governance
The neglect of cities: Little Improvement in Public Transport
ANAND has seen rapid settlement growth along the Anand
Vallabh Vidyanagar and Karamsad road. Bakrol-Boriyavi &
Mogar-Vasad region.
It is well on track to becoming a Municipal Corporation with
the inclusion of various peripheral villages like Chikhodra,
Lambhvel, V. V Nagar, Bakrol, Mogri and 20 others.
Anands identity is that of an important urban centre
providing higher order education and health facilities as
well as employment.
Anand is known as the Milk Capital of India. The city hosts
the National Dairy Development Board of India and Anand
Agricultural University.
VallabhVidhyanagar and Karamsad, an educational suburb
of Anand.

Villages
Adas, Ankalawadi, Boriya, Chikhodra, Gamdi,
Gana, Gopalpura, Hadgood, Jakhariya, Jitodiya,
Jol, Khandhali, Lambhvel, Meghvagana,
Mogar, Mogri, Morad, Napad Talpad, Napad
vanto, Navali, Rajpura, Samarkha, Sandesar, Vadod,
Vaghasi, Valasan, Vasad Vaskhiliya
Cities and Towns
Anand, Bakrol, Boriyavi, Karamsad, Vallabh
Vidyanagar, Vitthal Udyog Nagar
Anand UA Total Male Female
Population 286,921 148,801 138,120
Anand (M) 197,351 102,359 94,992
Town/Area Type/Governance
Gamdi Census Town
Jitodiya (Part) Out Growth
Karamsad Municipality
Mogri Out Growth
Vallabh Vidyanagar Municipality
Vithal Udyognagar INA Industrial Notified Area
Current Built-Up
COMF Y CI R CL E - - - - T OWN H A L L
2
STREET

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION COMMERCIAL BLOCK BUNGALOWS STREET FOOD JOINTS
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K E Y U S E / ACT I V I T I E S
Various different kinds of usage of land can be
seen along the faces of a single road.

Along AV Road from comfy circle to town hall,
the gradient varies from single unit bungalows to
high rise apartment, shanty food joints to large
commercial complexes, spaced by large open
grounds.

Thus the population density along the road
periphery varies drastically from place to place
as well as from time to time due to the floating
population in the commercial areas.
While the density of the layer behind the edges
of the road remains quite stable due to the
residential development in the interiors.
2.5 km stretch
N
Revenue Villages and Urban Areas : AVKUDA
Urban Area
High Growth Villages
AVKUDA
AVKUDA
Location 2001 2011 2032*
Anand
UA
2,39,645
286,921#
4,11,235*
Villages 2,23,932 3,31,994* 4,55,285
Total 4,63,577 6,18,915* 8,66,520*
# Provisional 2011, *Projected using baseline data
BUILT UP AND LAND USE - ANAND
Existing Map Prepared for AVKUDA
Existing DP Area
Anand-VV Nagar-Karamsad DP Plan
Table : Existing Land Use (Percentage Share)
CLASS ANAND BAKROL VALLABH_VI MOGRI KARAMSAD
Other
Villages TOTAL
Agriculture 25.19 80.39 0.07 74.79 66.89 82.08 75.63
Commercial 4.37 0.17 4.77 1.46 0.66 0.61 0.94
Gamtal 0.00 1.55 0.00 1.57 1.12 1.27 1.18
Industries 0.92 0.00 0.00 9.04 9.37 0.45 1.32
Public
Purpose 17.85 0.86 23.08 2.76 1.99 0.91 2.53
Public Utility 3.49 0.20 10.40 0.39 2.44 0.31 0.78
Residential 36.56 12.21 47.84 5.53 11.14 4.27 8.15
Transport 10.54 2.97 13.70 1.20 4.88 5.71 5.77
Vacant 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.93
Waterbody 1.08 1.64 0.00 3.26 1.50 3.15 2.76
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Housing Characteristics
Issues along Major Roads
Water Resources in AVKUDA
Green/Agricultural Zones
Industrial Zones
Commercial Area
Transportation
H E I GH T V AR I AT I ON GR AP H
J A N T A CH OWK D I - - - - COMF Y CI R CL E
Major Height difference is not noticed along the road, maximum height
being G+4.
All old residential bungalows are G to G+1. New commercial development
are constructed using maximum FSI.
Maximum number of buildings are G+2.
WOODLAND BUILDING
SIVER OAK
TEMPORARY SHOPS
HEENA AUTO CONSULTANTS
BIG BAZAAR
ON S I T E S E T B ACK S T U D Y
A
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Making do without planning
Administrators
Do not know about planning; find planners with their
antiquated ideas and discredited reputation a hindrance;
Do not see its need
Crusading Judges
Want to order the improvement of cities
Righteous/demanding NGOs
Want to replace government as public goods provider; want
to intensify demands on government; find it difficult
topartner with government
Focused infrastructure agencies
Want to concentrate on their sector and ignore the rest
Poor planning legislation, no updating of
legislation
Degeneration of planning capacities in local
governments
Encroachment on turf of urban planning
Planning departments starved of funds
Too few planners trained
Plans that could not be implemented and
regulation that could not be enforced
Complete reliance on government funding
Limit Fixed
Urban Sprawl Over grown city-
distortions- (Land Pooling Required ?)
Residential and Institutional
Development
Multiple Administrative Regulation

Emergence of New Vidyanagar
- Sustainability and Continuity
Planning and Design
Core City Issues
Participatory Process
Peri-Urban Issues
Public Governance
Climate Change
Housing and Sanitation
Land Management
Access to Infrastructure Road, Water Supply etc
Enhancing individual character of towns
Protection of Heritage
Sustainable City Green Spaces, Renewable Energy,
Re-Use & Recycle,
Protecting rights of Pedestrian, Urban Poor, and Safety
of Women and Senior Citizens
Hi-Tech and Global city
Boost to economic characteristics
Safeguard Education and Institutional Characteristics
Environmental Concerns
No. Layer Data Type Attribute
1 Building footprints Polygon ID, area
2 All Roads Line (Centerline)
& polygon
(Road)
Name, length, width,
type
3 Railway line Line Name, type
4 Water bodies and drains Polygon Name, area
5 Open spaces Polygon Type of open space,
area
6 Land marks Point Name
7 Administrative boundaries
municipal corporation, ward,
development authority, zones, etc.
Polygon Name, area, census
data
8 Plot boundaries (Cadastral data)* Polygon Survey number
Analysis of Urban Environment/Initial
Environment
Existing Infrastructure Assessment
Land Suitability Analysis
Housing Sector and Land Value Analysis
Disaster Prone Areas Analysis
Existing Land Use Mapping
Land use and Zoning
Identity of City Global & Local
Understanding Macro Trends
Urban Design & Standards
Voluntary V/s Planned
Participatory Planning Process
Needs of Urban Poor
Public Transport and
Services
Up gradation Plans
Citizen Participation and
Ownership
Functioning of Elected
Representatives
Conservation Policies
Government v/s General Public
Process, Instruments and Space
Role of Experts
Participatory Planning Process
Level of Participation
Civic Volunteers
Need Based Growth
Environmental Impact
Coordinated Jurisdictions
Land use zoning
Socio-Cultural & Political
Impact
Citizen Involvement

Land Use & Zoning
Economic Growth & Employment
Financial Stability
Jurisdiction
Land Information System
E-Governance GIS/MIS/SCADA

Liquid Waste Discharge (Dudhiya Talav) from Amul Plant into the City
Areas since last 40 years hazard for the population with in Anand.
Solid Waste Management
No doorstep collection
No storage at source
Unhygienic system of
secondary storage
Deficient Transport
Improper Disposal
Non adherence to rules
Challenge to develop
housing for majority of
population
Improvement in Health
and Sanitation
Secure Livelihood for
poor
Improvement in Quality
of city life
Reaching vast populations by-passed by
present development strategies.
Getting over the poverty and aid syndrome.
Meeting the huge resource needs through
unique partnerships, community willingness to
help itself and imaginative delivery
mechanisms.
Making development inclusive and holistic.
Finding appropriate and nature sensitive
solutions which complement the above needs.
Poor Housing and Infrastructure in existing Slums in Anand
Housing for Poor Anand

Is this enough?
About 900 houses for
urban poor being build in

Boriyavi and Anand
Increased housing demand in

Hadgud
Jitodia
Mogri
Mogar
Vasad

How to phase the public housing scheme? TP Schme /Non TP Areas
Citizen Concerns
Residential Conflict
Old v/s New Development
Social Amenities
Neighborhood Infrastructure
Accessibility Utility Ownership Up gradation
Integration with Anand Bakrol- Karamsad - Issues

Double Crop Areas
Investment in Irrigation
Large work force dependent
on primary sector
Decentralized Growth Hubs
Response to requirement of Settlement
Every settlement should be looked seperatly
Integration with core city
Urban Agglomeration areas to be managed
Rural- Farm sector integration with urban
Facilitating Rural products to the core city
Protect Double Crop Areas
Identification of Growth Centres, servicing
cluster of settlements and core city
Facility Management at fringe or providing
access to city amenities.
Support Agro-based economy agro-
processing, poultry, dairying etc.?
Regulate Animal Husbandry in Core and
Fringe settlements ?


Land Management in Fringes
Reservations Housing and Public Amenities
Road Network- Circulation and accesss
Protection of natural ponds, drainage

Solid Waste Management
Decentralised Plants between Clusters
Separate Organic Waste, Recycle and material for
landfill sites.
Transportation
Movement of people from all settlement and mode
of transport
Regulate Traffic Improve Junctions-Land use
Restricting Movement of Traffic near Institutes
Improve safety of Senior Citizens, School Children and
Disable on the road and city
Promoting Non-Polluting Vehicles and reducing Noise
Levels.
Plan for Cycle Track/ Electric Cars/Pedestrian
Movement
Reduce Carbon Footprint Renewable Energy Sources
Protect and Conserve Green Spaces, Heritage and City
Form

ARE WE ON RIGHT TRACK?