UMTS HSPA+ Introduction-HSDPA

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
www.huawei.com
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HSPA+ Introduction -
HSDPA
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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Page 2
Contents
HSDPA Introduction
References
1
3
4
HSDPA Features
2
HSDPA Performance
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Page 3
HSPA+, the natural evolution of HSPA
Both HSPA and HSPA+ are defined in 3GPP
HSPA+ is backward compatible with HSPA

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Huawei HSPA+ Solution Roadmap
Page 4
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HSPA+ Feature Dependency
Page 13
= Rel-7/8 feature
= pre Rel-7 feature
a
b
Indicates that feature a has a dependency on
feature b.
Legends
DL L2
enhancements
DC-HSUPA
MIMO
DC-HSDPA
-
HS-DSCH E-DCH
DC-MIMO
UL L2
enhancements
= optional Rel-9 feature -
Release 9
Release 7/8
Release 5/6
16QAM
64QAM
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Page 6
Benefits summary of HSDPA
HSDPA Features Key Benefits
DL 64-QAM 50% higher downlink peak data rate
Increases downlink capacity
DL 2x2 MIMO Doubles peak data rates
Increases downlink capacity
L2 Enhancement Smaller overhead consumption
Better cell edge coverage
Downlink
MIMO with 64QAM
the theoretical downlink peak rate can reach 42 Mbit/s
DC-HSDPA
DC-HSDPA with 64QAM can provide a peak rate of 42 Mbit/s in
the downlink.
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Page 15
HSDPA Channel Mapping
Logical channels
Transport channels
Physical channels
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HSDPA Physical Channel Mapping
Page 8
Transport Channels
DCH
RACH
CPCH
BCH
FACH
PCH
Physical Channels
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Primary Common Control Physical Channel
(P
- CCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S - CCPCH)
Synchronisation Channel (SCH)
Acquisition Indicat or Channel (AICH)
Access Preamble Acqu isition Indicator Channel (AP - AICH)
Paging Indicat or Channel (PICH)
CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)
Collision - Detection /Channel - Assig nment Indicator
Channel (CD /CA - ICH )
DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
HS-DSCH-related Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
HS-DSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (uplink) for HS-DSCH (HS-DPCCH)
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Page 9
Basic Concepts -Data Frame Structure of HSDPA User Plane
Protocol

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC
RLC SDU
Payload
RLC
Header
MAC-d
MAC-c
MAC-d
MAC-ehs
Iub-FP Iub-FP Iub-FP
Payload
RLC
Header
Payload
RLC
Header
U-RNTI
Payload
RLC
Header
U-RNTI
MAC-ehs
Header
(s)RBs for UE1 (s)RBs for UE2 PDU structure
Introduction of SDU / PDU structure
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HS-DSCH HS-DSCH
Associated Uplink
Signalling
Associated Downlink
Signalling
FACH RACH
DCCH DTCH DTCH
DSCH
MAC Control
Iur or local
MAC Control
DCH DCH
MAC-d
USCH
TDD only
MAC-c/sh
CPCH
FDD only
CCCH CTCH BCCH SHCCH
TDD only
PCCH
FACH PCH USCH
TDD only
DSCH
Iub
MAC Control
MAC-hs
Configuration
without MAC-c/sh
Configuration
with MAC-c/sh
Configuration
with MAC-c/sh
HSDPA Protocol Structure
Admission control
Handover decision
Load management
QoS management
Page 10
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HSDPA Protocol Stack 1
The NodeB is added with the MAC-hs entity
On the RNC, the MAC-d maps the data on the DTCH/DCCH to HS-DSCH.
The MAC-hs
- Controls the stream between the MAC-hs and the MAC-d (for shared Iub transmission),
- Performs data scheduling (to coordinate the Uu resources, user experience, and system capacity),
- Selects transmission formats (rate adaptation)

Uu UE Node B
DTCH DCCH DTCH DCCH
MAC-d
MAC-hs
PHY
MAC-
hs
PHY
HS-
DSCH FP
AAL2 or
UDP/IP
ATM or
IP
ATM or IP
AAL2 or UDP/IP
HS-DSCH FP
MAC-d
CRNC/SRNC Iub
Page 11
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HSDPA Channel Mapping
Page 12
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
Logical Channels
Data mapping
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HSPA+ Principles
HSPA+ Evolution:
HSDPA (16 QAM)
MIMO
MIMO+64QAM
DC-MIMO (64QAM)
64QAM
DC+64QAM
14.0Mbps (MAC layer peak rate)

28.0Mbps
42.2Mbps
42.2Mbps
21.1Mbps
84.4Mbps
2009, R7, RAN 11.0
SE: 28.0/5
2010, R8, RAN 12.0
SE: 42.2/5
2008, R6 (3GPP), RAN 10.0
Spectral Efficiency (SE): 14.0/5
2009, R7, RAN 11.0
SE: 21.1/5
2010, R8, RAN 12.0
SE: 42.2/10
2011, R9, RAN 13.0
SE: 84.4/10
DC-HSDPA is an essential branch in evolution from HSDPA to DC-MIMO
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Page 14
UE Category
Max HS-DSCH
codes for HSDPA
Max peak rate Modulation
Category 13 15 17
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Category 14 15 21
Category 15 15 23
QPSK, 16QAM+MIMO
Category 16 15 28
Category 17 15 17/23
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM/
MIMO: QPSK, 16QAM
Category 18 15 21/28
Category 19 15 35
(QPSK.16QAM.64QAM)+MIM
O
Category 20 15 42
Category 21 15 28
QPSK,16QAM+DC
Category 22 15 28
Category 23 15 42
QPSK,16QAM, 64QAM +DC
Category 24 15 42
HSDPA Terminals Capability & Service Allocation
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Page 15
Contents
HSDPA Introduction
References
1
3
4
HSDPA Features
2
HSDPA Performance
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HSDPA Features
HSDPA is a WCDMA downlink high-speed data solution.

Main features :

2 ms short frame
Link adaptation technologies on the physical layer, such as
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC)
High-order modulation scheme for high spectrum efficiency
Code division and time division for flexible scheduling among Ue (s)
Downlink Enhanced L2
HSDPA Feature 64 QAM
MIMO
DC HSDPA

Benefits:

Increase the downlink peak data rate and improve the service delay
Increase the downlink throughput
increase downlink capacity : better efficiency for downlink code and power
resources
Page 16
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Page 17
HARQ process involve only the NodeB and the UE (Without involving RNC)
=> allows the NodeB to rapidly request retransmission of erroneously received data

After receiving a MAC-hs PDU sent by the NodeB, the UE performs a CRC check and reports
an ACK or NACK on the HS-DPCCH to the NodeB:
l If the UE reports an ACK, the NodeB transmits the next new data.
l If the UE reports an NACK, the NodeB retransmits the original data

HSDPA Feature - HARQ
HARQ enables the system
to decide whether a
retransmission is required
HARQ allows the terminal
to merge the data on the
retransmitted physical layer.
UE performs soft
combining of all the data
received and increase the
cell capacity
The NodeB initiates a
new Transport Block s
transmission every TTI.
RTT : Round Trip Time
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For HARQ retransmission between the NodeB and the UE, two combining
strategies are available (CC and IR)

(CC) all retransmitted data is the same as previously transmitted data
Chase Combining (CC) for retransmitting data

(IR) the retransmitted data may be different from the previously transmitted
data
Partial incremental redundancy (PIR) for transmitting system bits in priority
Full incremental redundancy (FIR) for transmitting verification bits in priority

Page 18
HSDPA Feature - HARQ
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Like the DCH which performs power control, HSDPA performs fast Adaptive Modulation and
Coding (AMC) to compensate channel variations

Modulation scheme and coding rate adjustment each TTI:
AMC is based on the channel quality indicator (CQI) reported by the UE to select an appropriate
transmission rate to meet channel conditions.
Good channel conditions : 16QAM or 64QAM can be used to provide higher transmission rates.
Poor channel conditions: QPSK can be used to ensure the transmission quality.

In each TTI, the TFRC entity of a cell selects one or multiple queues and :
Determine the amount of data that can be transmitted
Determine the modulation scheme
Determine the appropriate power and channelization codes

Page 19
HSDPA Feature Fast AMC
TFRC Transport Format and Resource Combination
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Feature : Time and HS-PDSCH Codes Multiplex
Page 20
The parallel data transmission of multiple users over HS-DSCH feature enables the allocation of:
the time division multiplexing : different codes in the same TTI to different user
the same code in different TTIs for different users
Benefit :
o Increase the resource utilization and system throughput.

Requirements :

o More HS-PDSCH codes are required within a single TTI.
o More efficient when the Node B has more HS-PDSCH codes available than codes supported by the UE.
Eg: the UE supports 5 codes and the Node B has 10 codes available in a single TTI.
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Page 21
Static RLC PDU size
Limited Data throughput
Eg : with 640 bit RLC PDU,
2048 RLC window size, and 100ms RTT:
MBR = 640*2048/0.1=13.1Mbps.
Cant support data rate of 21mbps and beyond
Limitation for introduction of MIMO, 64QAM,
DC HSDPA..
Why Enhanced L2 ?
RLC entity: Flexible PDU, < 1500 bytes
MAC entity: Support MAC-ehs
Support data rate of 21Mbps and beyond
Function of Enhanced L2
320bit 640bit
Fixed RLC PDU
size
Flexible RLC PDU
size
L2 is not a bottleneck any more
( < 1500 bytes )

HSDPA Feature - DL enhanced L2

RAN11
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- The original downlink L2 function cannot adapt to such
high rates for high-speed transmission

- R7 introduction:
To prevent L2 to become the bottleneck:

-Enhancing the RLC entity to support flexible RLC PDU
sizes at the RLC layer

Adding a new sub layer, the MAC-ehs for
- data segmentation at the MAC layer
- and for multiplexing of queues of different priorities
After the RLC PDU arrives at the MAC layer, the MAC-ehs in the NodeB determines whether to
segment this PDU will be segmented into a smaller PDUs based on instantaneous radio conditions
requirement of edge
coverage for smaller
RLC PDU sizes
requirement of high-
speed transmission for
larger RLC PDU sizes
Min 10 byte = 80 bits
HSDPA Feature - DL enhanced L2

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HSDPA Feature - 64 QAM
DL Modulation Scheme Data Rate
16 QAM 14.4 Mbps
64QAM 21 Mbps
64QAM can increase downlink data throughput at
about 1.4 times of 16QAM.

However, 64QAM modulation can only be selected
by UEs in very good radio conditions and only near
cell area.

Bits/symbols increase
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Page 24
Item Requirement
CN The CN needs to support 3GPP Release 7.
RNC
64QAM depends on downlink enhanced L2, which requires the RNC to support flexible RLC PDU sizes.
The RNC also needs to control the use of 64QAM during RB setup, reconfiguration, and handover.
The DPUb or DPUe board supports the rate of 21 Mbit/s.
NodeB
The NodeB needs to select a modulation scheme (64QAM or non-64QAM) for every TTI through TFRC
selection.
a) To enable a DBS3800 to support 64QAM, you need to configure at least one enhanced downlink
baseband processing board, namely EBBC or EBBCd board.
b) The DBS3900 and BTS3900/3900A need to be configured with a WBBPb, WBBPd, or WBBPf
baseband board for supporting the 64QAM feature.
c) The BTS3812E/AE needs to be configured with an EBBI, EBOI, EDLP, or EDLPd board. If an EDLP or
EDLPd board is used, the EULP or EULPd board needs to support 64QAM.
d) The BTS3902E supports the 64QAM feature.
UE The UE needs to support HS-DSCH category 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, or 20.
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Page 25
Technical Characteristics
In the case of 64QAM, a gain is achieved only when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high.
Therefore, a good channel environment(CQI) is required

A higher gain can be achieved when DL 64QAM is used with other technologies such as DC-HSDPA.

the TFRC selection (function of the NodeB) determines whether to use downlink 64QAM and notifies the
UE of the result through the HS-SCCH in each TTI.

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MIMO Feature
Page 26
High CAPEX : Two Tx channel are used (Two transmitting paths) but no additional antenna is necessary.

It may require additional RRUs and WBBPa doesnt support

2 RF modules are interconnected with antenna system using RF jumper:
Restrictions:

MIMO affects the settings of receive diversity.
Thus, MIMO affects the UEs that do not support
this feature. That is, the data rates of these UEs
are decreased.

Only a few handsets support MIMO.
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MIMO
MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output)
Gain for peak data rate per user:

Users at the center of a cell
Users at the edge of a cell

MIMO adopts the multi transmission and multi reception mode:
Two transmit antenna in the base station and
two in the receiver side used

The Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) has to be transmitted from both antennas.
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Page 28
Downlink 64QAM+MIMO Introduction
+
Downlink Peak Data Rate
14.4
21
28
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
RAN10.0 RAN11.0 RAN11.0 RAN12.0
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k

P
e
a
k

D
a
t
a

R
a
t
e

M
b
p
s
Scheduling Method: The scheduler in Node B determines whether to use 64QAM+MIMO or not according to
Channel Quality and service requirement and UE capability
64QAM
MIMO
64QAM + MIMO
64 QAM
Only users at the center of a cell can
enjoy the increase of peak data rate
License need to be added and
configured by cell

MIMO
All users in a cell can enjoy the
increase in the peak data rate
License for MIMO need to be added
and configured by cell
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Page 29
DC-HSDPA Feature
Primary Carrier
Frequency 1
Second Carrier
Frequency 2
Dual cells covers
the same
geographical area
Downlink peak rate
up to 42Mbps
Use 2 adjacent carriers to transmit
simultaneously data to the same user
Carrier Configuration:
For DC users, the UL channel is only carried on the primary carrier (anchor)
Both carriers can be used in DL for retaining and initiating services.
Service Distribution:
The CS or PS conversational service is carried on a single carrier.
The BE/streaming service is carried on the DC-HSDPA preferentially.

RAN 12
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DC-HSDPA Feature
DC-HSDPA has best coverage and better throughput in cell edges compared to all other features of HSPA+
due to double frequency resource utilization.

DL Configuration Peak Data Rate
DC-HSDPA + 16QAM (without MIMO) 28 Mbps
DC-HSDPA + 64QAM (without MIMO) 42 Mbps
DC-HSDPA + 64QAM (with MIMO) 84Mbps
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Page 31
DC-HSDPA Feature
Benefits

Dual-cell HSDPA (DC-HSDPA) enables users to receive HSDPA data from two inter-
frequency DL cells under the same coverage at the same time

Compared with the traditional HSPA technology, DC-HSDPA brings the following
gains:

Reduce the HTTP service delay. As the user peak rate is increased, the
HTTP service response delay can be greatly reduced, and user service
experience can be improved.
Improving the user experience of cell edge users enhancing the DL
coverage.
Fully utilizing spectrum resources of telecom operators to improve the
capacity.

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Page 32
Restrictions of DC Cells
DC-HSDPA is used only on channel transport HS-DSCHs.
The anchor and supplementary carrier cells must belong to the same NodeB and work
on adjacent frequency
DC-HSDPA Feature
Item Requirement

CN

The CN needs to support the downlink peak rate of 42 Mbit/s provided by downlink
DC- HSDPA with 64QAM.

RNC

The RNC needs to support downlink enhanced L2.
The RNC provides the radio bearer scheme for DC-HSDPA.

NodeB

DC-HSDPA requires NodeB to support MAC-ehs. A single MAC-ehs entity supports
HS-DSCH transmission in more than one cell served by the same Node-B (FDD only).

UE

In 3GPP Release 8, HS-DSCH categories 21, 22, 23, and 24 of the UE are added to
support DC-HSDPA. In later 3GPP release, more HS-DSCH categories may support DC-
HSDPA.
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Page 33

Configuration Activation

NodeB Side

To configure the a local DC group, run ADD DUALCELLGRP.
To query a local DC group, run LST DUALCELLGRP.

RNC Side

To enable the DC-HSDPA switch, run SET CORRMALGOSWITCH:
CfgSwitch=CFG_HSDPA_DC_SWITCH-1;

When both DC+64QAM and MIMO+64QAM are supported, to set the preference to DC-HSDPA,
run SET FRC: MIMOorDcHSDPASwitch=DC-HSDPA-1;

To activate the 42M license to make the DL peak rate exceed 28 Mbit/s, run ACT LICENSE:
ISPRIMARYPLMN=YES, FUNCTIONSWITCH4=HSPA_DOWN42_PER_USER-1;
DC-HSDPA Feature
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Page 34
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DC HSDPA + 64QAM
Page 35
D C -H SD P A , M IM O Lin k P e ro fm ra n c e ,P A 3
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Io r/Io c (d B)
T
o
u
t
(
k
b
p
s
)
D C -H SD PA +16Q A M
D C -H SD PA +64Q A M
M IM O +16Q A M
M IM O +64Q A M
H SD PA
DL Configuration Peak Data Rate
2x2 MIMO + 16QAM (Single Cell) 28 Mbps
2x2 MIMO + 64QAM (Single Cell) 42 Mbps
2x2 MIMO + 16QAM (Dual Cell) 56 Mbps
2x2 MIMO + 64QAM (Dual Cell) 84 Mbps
Data Throughput according to Interference :
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Page 36
Contents
HSDPA Introduction
References
1
3
4
HSDPA Features
2
HSDPA Performance
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Page 37
Flowchart of analyzing HSDPA cell performance problems
Y
Does the
average single-user throughput reach
the required BER on the air
interface?
The item cannot be
evaluated at present.
Identify HSDPA
cell performance
problems
Is the power
usage high?
Y
Is the CQI
poor?
Y
Optimize the
coverage
There is an
optimization scheme.
Are there
many UEs?
N
Perform
expansion
Y
Is the Iub
transmission usage
high?
Is the RLC
retransmission ratio
high
N
Y
Perform Iub
expansion
Y
Is the
transmission quality of
the Iub path poor?
Optimize the
transmission
Y
N
Is the residual
BER on the air interface
high?
Is the code usage
high?
N
Check power
control parameters
Y
N
UE problems
Y
Perform
expansion
N
Is upper-layer
data insufficient?
Other problems N
Global or upper-
layer problems
Y
END
N
N
Is the BER
on the air interface
high?
N
Y
Does the theoretical cell rate
meet the requirement?
Y
N
END
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Page 38
Analysis on HSDPA cell performance problems
Step Evaluation Item Evaluation Result and Handling Suggestion
High Low
(1) Bit error rate (BER) on the
air interface in the cell
Optimize the coverage. Go to step (2).
(2) Power usage of the cell Perform the following operations based on the CQI:
If the CQI is poor, optimize the coverage.
If the CQI is normal, add carriers.
Go to step (3).
(3) Usage of the Iub transmission
bandwidth
Expand the Iub transmission bandwidth. Go to step (4).
(4) RLC retransmission rate Perform the following operations based on the IP path
transmission quality on the Iub interface:
If the transmission quality is poor, optimize
transmission.
If the transmission quality is normal, check the residual
bit errors on the air interface. For the cells with many bit
errors on the air interface, check power control
parameters.
Go to step (5).
(5) Code resource usage Add code resources. Check whether the theoretical rate
of the cell meets the requirement. If
the theoretical rate meets the
requirement, the upper-layer data
sources are insufficient.
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Troubleshooting for PS Data problems
In order to locate the issues, the following procedures are applied:
HSDPA
Checking the Signaling
Checking RF Quality
Checking and clearing Alarms
Checking HSDPA Status of the Cell
Checking Access Signaling Messages
Checking the License
Checking CPU Usage of Lap Tops
Checking DCCC setting
Checking Downlink Power Resources
Checking Downlink Code Resources
Checking the number of Online Users in a Cell
Checking Channel Quality in Air interface
Checking the Bandwidth on the IuB interface
Checking Packet Losses on Iub Interface
Checking RLC Downlink Window Full
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Troubleshooting for PS Data problems
Tools used for previous input :

-UMAT
- NPMaster
- M2000
- RNC LMT
- Probes
The input information for the previous procedures are:
-Traces - Alarm Logs - PCHR Data - Operation Logs
- Performance Data - DT Log files - Real time monitoring - Etc.
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Page 41
Contents
HSDPA Introduction
Reference
1
3
4
HSDPA Features
2
HSDPA Performance
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Page 42
Reference
Index Document Name Description Support Link
1
RAN Feature
Parameter Description
RAN Feature Documentation presents
customers with product information
related to WCDMA RAN features,
include HSPA and HSPA+.
http://support.huawei.com/support/pages/navigation/gotoKBNav
i.do?actionFlag=getAllJsonData&colID=ROOTENWEB|CO0000000173&
level=3&itemId=186-00061297&itemId0=29-7&itemId1=3-
337&itemId2=1-553&itemId3=186-
00061297&itemId4=&itemId5=&itemId6=&itemId7=&itemId8=&itemId
9=&materialType=ProductManual&isHedexDocType=&pageSize=20
2
Feature Deployment
Guide
Feature Deployment Guide presents
feature deployment procedure and
notice.
level=3&itemId=202-00046306&itemId0=29-7&itemId1=3-
337&itemId2=1-553&itemId3=202-
00046306&itemId4=&itemId5=&itemId6=&itemId7=&itemId8=&itemId
9=&materialType=123-2&isHedexDocType=&pageSize=20
3 Acceptance Guide
Acceptance Guide presents feature
acceptance procedure and test case.
level=2&itemId=1-553&itemId0=29-7&itemId1=3-337&itemId2=1-
553&itemId3=&itemId4=&itemId5=&itemId6=&itemId7=&itemId8=&it
emId9=&materialType=123-2&isHedexDocType=&pageSize=20
Support Guide for service delivery:

RAN Feature Parameter Description
Feature Deployment Guide
Acceptance Guide
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Page 43
DC-HSDPA
Thank you
www.huawei.com

UMTS HSPA+ Introduction-HSDPA

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